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北京市民人均期望寿命近82岁 肺癌成首要杀手

2016-06-30 04:11:15    北京晨报

原标题:北京市民人均期望寿命近82岁

北京健康白皮书发布首发四类主要慢性病早死概率

昨日,市卫计委发布了《北京市卫生与人群健康状况报告》(简称健康白皮书)。今年健康白皮书在全国范围内首次发布了北京市四类主要慢性病(心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病)的早死概率。北京市户籍居民的健康期望寿命达到了81.95岁。

成年人

死因前三:恶性肿瘤、心脏病和脑血管病

四类慢病:恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病早死概率 11.11%

期望寿命:市户籍居民为81.95岁

学生

视力不良:中小学生59.2%

肥胖率:中小学生为15.6%

饮食:中小学生每天吃早餐67.3%

锻炼:大中学生每天≥1小时为33.2%

死因前三占全部死亡率72.7%

根据健康白皮书显示,去年本市居民的主要死亡原因为慢性非传染性疾病,前三位死因分别为恶性肿瘤、心脏病和脑血管病,共占全部死亡的72.7%。

恶性肿瘤死亡的前三位是肺癌、结肠直肠和肛门癌、肝癌,分别占恶性肿瘤死亡的31.4%、10.5%和10.3%。其中男性恶性肿瘤死亡前三位是肺癌、肝癌、结肠直肠和肛门癌。女性恶性肿瘤死亡前三位是肺癌、结肠直肠和肛门癌、乳腺癌。

 四类慢病早死概率11.11%

今年本市在全国范围内率先并首次发布了四类主要慢性病早死概率。去年全市30岁至70岁(不含70岁)户籍居民恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病四类主要慢性非传染性疾病的早死概率为11.11%。

这个数据意味着,现在一个30岁的人在其70岁生日之前死于这四类慢性病之中任意一类疾病的概率是11.11%。这个指标是世界卫生组织推荐作为评价国家慢性病控制水平的重要指标。与世界卫生组织公布的194个国家2012年结果相比,北京市该指标位居第二十位,接近瑞士、日本、韩国、澳大利亚等发达国家的水平(<15%)。

市民期望寿命达81.95岁

截至去年底,北京市常住人口为2170.5万人。2015年北京市户籍居民期望寿命为81.95岁,比2014年上升0.14岁,比2010年(十一五末)上升了1.14岁。户籍孕产妇死亡率为8.69/10万,比2010年下降28.4%。北京市户籍人口婴儿死亡率为2.42%。,比2010年下降26.4%;户籍人口5岁以下儿童死亡率为3.02%。,比2010年下降27.4%。提前实现了北京市政府颁布实施的《健康北京“十二五”发展建设规划》目标,这些基本健康指标与发达国家水平接近。

中小学生近视比例59.2%

另外,根据健康白皮书的数据显示,2014-2015学年度北京市中小学生视力不良检出率为59.2%。比2013-2014学年度下降2.4%,视力不良的增长势头已被初步遏制。

2014-2015学年度北京市中小学生肥胖检出率为15.6%,比2009-2010学年度上升5.6%。中小学生中每天吃早餐的为67.3%;大中学生体育锻炼时间每天≥1小时的报告率仅为33.2%。说明学生的饮食行为、体育运动等方面都存在着一些问题。

公众控烟满意度81.3%

去年,本市共计监测游泳场所163户,抽检总体合格率仅为31.3%。游泳池水质主要问题是尿素和游离性余氯超标。

在控烟方面,至2015年底,本市共监督检查42630户次,发现不合格单位6226户次,责令整改5899户次,共计罚款72.90万元。处罚违法吸烟个人951人次,罚款4.87万元。北京市29家戒烟门诊开展简短戒烟干预292万人次。

调查显示:2015年6月至10月,公共场所吸烟人数从11.3%下降到3.8%。公众对控烟满意度由原来的42.3%提高到81.3%,93%的受访者认为无烟环境有变化。

北京晨报记者 徐晶晶

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