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人民日报刊文列举证据 力证钓鱼岛是中国领土

2016-05-03 03:22:05   人民日报

原标题:驳日方在钓鱼岛问题上的欺人之谈

《人民日报》(2016年05月03日03版)

近年来,日本政府一方面否认中日围绕钓鱼岛主权归属认知有争议,另一方面不断加强在钓鱼岛问题上的宣介。日前,日本内阁官房网站发布了一些资料图片,妄称钓鱼岛是日本的“固有领土”。日方抛出的所谓证据,要么严重违反史实,要么歪曲中方立场,纯属自欺欺人。为排除其对中日关系的消极影响,增进中日两国人民的友好感情,有必要就日方的有关错误观点加以驳斥,以正视听。

一、甲午战争前日本官方已承认钓鱼岛属于中国

日本政府反复宣扬钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿曾经是所谓“无主地”,日本政府1885年进行再三调查后没有发现中国人统治痕迹才决定占有,这符合有关领土的“先占原则”。这完全是无稽之谈。

首先,日本1895年窃占这些岛屿之前,钓鱼岛是中国的无人岛,但绝非所谓“无主地”。据中国官方史书记载,自明朝洪武五年(1372年)起,中国明朝的册封使等就把钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿作为涉海东渡琉球国的海上航标,并派张赫、吴帧率领舟师维护海上通道,将这些岛屿纳入中国的海防范围。中国自清朝起将这些岛屿划归台湾府噶玛兰厅(今宜兰县)管辖。清政府首任巡视台湾的监察御史黄叔璥曾视察过钓鱼岛,并将其记载入述职报告《台海使槎录》。

其次,自日本1874年首次入侵台湾至1894年发动甲午战争这20年间,日本海军省绘制的《清国沿海诸省》图和出版的各种水路志,均认定钓鱼岛、黄尾屿、赤尾屿是台湾东北诸岛。日本外务省、陆军省也先后对海军省所绘地图进行了确认。1885年,日本吞并琉球国改称冲绳县6年后,日本时任内务卿山县有朋便两次密令冲绳县在钓鱼岛等无人岛建立日本的标桩,但遭到当时冲绳县令和外务大臣婉拒,理由便是日本占领这些岛屿可能与中国发生冲突。如果他们当时即认定钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是“无主地”,又怎么会担心与中国发生冲突呢?

第三,甲午战争前20年日本海军省一直认为钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是台湾东北诸岛,其主要依据来自两方面:一是从英国海军1848年出版的《萨玛朗号航海记(18431846)》到1894年的英国海军文献及地图,均把钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿作为台湾东北诸岛记载,明确认定赤尾屿是中国这一岛链的最东端。二是中国清朝1863年出版的《大清一统舆图》。该图也清楚地把钓鱼岛划入中国台湾岛屿,而把赤尾屿对面的琉球属岛“久米岛”用不同方式标出。这些历史证据充分证明,在中日两国围绕钓鱼岛归属发生争议的“关键日期”之前,钓鱼岛确属中国。

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