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事业单位养老金不明 部分省不足企业养老金一半

2016-04-20 02:26:25    第一财经日报

养老金等幅上涨 公务员退休待遇看齐企业?

郭晋晖

[2000年以后,基本养老保险替代率持续下降,从1997年的70.79%下降到了2014年的45%,已经处于国际劳工组织公约划定的养老金替代率警戒线之内。]

“机关事业单位退休人员和企业退休人员都按照6.5%的幅度调整,这样退休待遇差距会不会越来越大?”人力资源和社会保障部4月15日出台《关于2016年调整退休人员基本养老金的通知》(下称“通知”)后,一位企业退休人员发出了这样的疑问。

每当周围的人谈起事业单位退休金高,曾在事业单位工作40多年的李大爷就觉得有点冤,他的退休金比起同城在企业退休的朋友们还少好几百。

上述通知称,从2016年1月1日起,为2015年底前已按规定办理退休手续并按月领取基本养老金的企业和机关事业单位退休人员提高基本养老金水平,总体调整水平为2015年退休人员月人均基本养老金的6.5%左右。

据人社部相关人士介绍,此次调整迈出了统筹各类退休人员待遇调整的第一步,是企业和机关事业单位养老保险制度并轨、增强公平性的直接体现。

机关事业单位月均养老金不明

企业退休人员和机关事业单位退休人员的待遇差别一直是社会关注的热点之一。这些年来为了缩减两者之间的差距,提高企业退休人员的待遇,从2005年到2015年,政府连续11年上调了企业退休人员基本养老金。

到2015年,企业退休人员月平均养老金达到2200多元,与2004年的月人均647元相比,提高了2倍多,年平均增长率12%左右。

一些企业退休人员心中有待遇差距的疑问,部分原因在于机关事业单位退休人员的退休待遇并不为外界所知晓,这种信息上的不透明总会带来一些猜想和疑惑。官方也在试图回应这些外界的疑虑。

2014年10月启动的机关事业单位养老保险改革实现了机关事业人员和企业职工施行相同的养老保险制度模式,机关事业单位人员开始像企业职工一样自己出钱交养老保险,这项改革是否能够解决这两个群体之间的“待遇差”问题?

人社部并没有公布全国机关事业单位人员月平均养老金的数额,但在全国的一些地区,尤其是经济发达地区,机关事业单位和企业退休人员之间存在一定差距是个客观事实。

一位东部省会城市国企管理人员对《第一财经日报》记者表示,该省企业退休人员的养老金月平均为3000多元,机关事业单位退休人员的养老金差不多是前者的2倍。

本报记者也了解到,事业单位的情况要比公务员更加复杂,从全国范围来看,事业单位分为三六九等,不同地区情况也不同。有一些差额拨款或是自收自支的事业单位由于缺乏稳定的上涨机制,这些单位退休人员的养老金还比不上企业职工。

建立合理的待遇调整机制

李大爷把自己从1992年开始的工资收入都记录在一个小本上。他对本报表示,从2007年到2011年这五年间,他的退休金一直保持在1761.5元的水平,一分钱都没有涨过。

谈到事业单位退休金增长缓慢的原因,在湖北一家医院从事几十年行政工作的李大爷认为有两个,一是医院的薪酬属于行政序列,必须是政府相关部门允许涨才能涨,二是医院属于差额拨款的事业单位,涨工资的资金必须自筹,有钱才能涨。

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