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农业部:中国不存在所谓的“转基因滥种”

2016-04-14 02:06:59   北京青年报

原标题:农业部:发展转基因是重大战略决策

昨天上午,农业部就农业转基因有关情况举办新闻发布会。农业部科技教育司司长廖西元表示,中国作为农业生产大国,必须在转基因技术上占有一席之地。经过科学家安全评价、政府严格审批的转基因产品是安全的。此外,他还对我国大量进口转基因大豆做出了说明。据北京青年报记者了解,这是农业部首次就转基因问题召开发布会。

转基因产品要在中国占有一席之地

廖西元表示,现在全球转基因研发发展势头强劲,研发对象更加广泛,已涵盖了至少35个科,200多个种,中国作为农业生产大国,必须在转基因技术上占有一席之地。

他介绍,从科学研究上讲,众多国际专业机构对转基因产品的安全性已有权威结论,就是通过批准上市的转基因产品都是安全的。从生产和消费实践看,20年转基因作物商业化累计种植近300亿亩,至今未发现被证实的转基因食品安全事件。因此,经过科学家安全评价、政府严格审批的转基因产品是安全的。

廖西元指出,发展转基因是党中央、国务院做出的重大战略决策。中央对转基因工作要求是明确的,也是一贯的,即研究上要大胆,坚持自主创新;推广上要慎重,做到确保安全;管理上要严格,坚持依法监管。今年中央1号文件强调,要“加强农业转基因技术研发和监管,在确保安全的基础上慎重推广”。

大量进口转基因大豆因国内消费结构变化

廖西元介绍,目前我国进口大豆主要用于饲料豆粕和食用豆油。比如我国豆油的人均使用量年消费从80年代初的2.6公斤增加到目前的22公斤,这样的情况下进口大豆是必须。

之所以进口转基因大豆,则是因为全球所有种植的大豆80%左右都是转基因大豆。

对于公众高度关注的转基因大豆的安全性问题,廖西元说,转基因大豆是安全的,不仅出口国本身就有安全审批,而且我国进口安全审批更加严格,在安全评价过程中,已充分考虑了已知的各种用途。因此,食用安全性有充分的保障,可以放心食用。

监管

我国不存在所谓的“转基因滥种”

对于各地时而曝出的转基因作物滥种的情况,廖西元称,农业部高度重视转基因的监管工作,严格依法监管,严肃查处违法种植转基因作物行为,不存在所谓的滥种现象,总体可控,但个别地区确实存在违法零星种植的情况。

对于湖北、黑龙江、辽宁等地曝出的非法种植案件,他通报,湖北农业厅联合公安成立专案组,铲除了非法种植的水稻田块,近年加大执法力度,例行监测中,湖北基本上没有发现转基因水稻的种植。黑龙江省农委也派驻工作组全面排查,未发现非法种植转基因大豆。辽宁省农委公开了三起已经结案的转基因玉米种子违法案件。2015年农业部在新疆、甘肃销毁了玉米制种田1000多亩,在海南省铲除违规转基因玉米100多亩,所涉转基因材料全部销毁。

网传转基因辨识方法大都是谣言

中国工程院院士、国家农业转基因生物安全委员会主任委员吴孔明对于公众普遍关注的转基因食品的安全问题做了一些科普,他表示,只有经过安全性评价的转基因产品才能上市,上市的转基因产品它的安全性和传统的食品是等同的。从国际上的研究结果看,对转基因的评价都是积极的,比如世界卫生组织明确认为,“目前尚未显示转基因食品批准国家的广大民众使用转基因食品后对人体健康产生了任何不良影响。”

他表示,目前围绕转基因产生了很多谣言,比如转基因玉米导致广西大学生精子活力的下降,欧美人不吃转基因食品,转基因马铃薯致实验大鼠中毒等。还有在网上传播的“转基因作物”紫薯、彩椒、小西红柿等,其实这些都不是转基因作物。人们往往把没见过的作物当成转基因的,认为大小、颜色、形状都很不一样,其实就是在野生种的基础上经过人工培育而成的,与转基因无关。

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