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农业部:个别地区违法零星种植转基因作物

2016-04-14 02:02:59    北京晨报

农业部回应转基因几大焦点问题

农业部13日召开发布会,权威回应转基因领域几大焦点问题。农业部有关负责人表示,中央对转基因工作要求是明确的,也是一贯的,即研究上要大胆,坚持自主创新;推广上要慎重,做到确保安全;管理上要严格,坚持依法监管。

焦点一

  有哪些转基因品种?

“到目前为止,我国批准投入商业化种植的转基因作物只有两种,一是转基因抗虫棉花,二是转基因抗病毒番木瓜。”中国工程院院士、国家农业转基因生物安全委员会主任委员吴孔明介绍,除了棉花及番木瓜外,我国还批准进口用作加工原料的转基因作物,包括大豆、玉米、油菜、棉花、甜菜。除此外,国内市场上流通的小麦、番茄、大蒜、洋葱、紫薯、土豆、彩椒、胡萝卜等粮食和蔬菜,都不是转基因品种。

 焦点二

  转基因安全评价严格?

我国转基因食品安全评价体系是如何操作的?是否严格?

据了解,国际上对转基因安全的评价基本是两种类型:一种是强调结果评估的美国模式,不管采用什么技术,只针对研究出来的产品进行评估;一种是强调过程评估的欧盟模式,只要使用转基因技术,都对技术过程进行评估。而中国既对产品、又对过程进行评估。

吴孔明表示,我国还增加了大鼠三代繁殖试验和水稻重金属含量分析等指标,“从这个角度来说,中国转基因产品安全性评价,不管是从技术标准上或是程序上,都是世界上最严格的体系。”

焦点三

  转基因“偷种”现象蔓延?

由于转基因作物抗虫性较好,近年来我国部分地区出现了农户违规种植未经批准的转基因作物现象。例如,有媒体曝光湖北、黑龙江、辽宁局地曾发现违规种植转基因水稻、大豆和玉米。这一现象是否在蔓延?

“农业部严肃查处违法种植转基因作物行为,不存在所谓的滥种现象,总体可控,但个别地区确实存在违法零星种植的情况。”农业部科教司司长廖西元表示,湖北省农业厅已经联合公安部门成立专案组,铲除了非法种植的水稻田块,近年来农业部组织的例行监测中,湖北基本没有发现种植转基因水稻;黑龙江省农委全面排查,未发现非法种植转基因大豆;辽宁省农委联合公安、工商等部门公开了3起已经结案的转基因玉米种子违法案件。2015年,新疆、甘肃还销毁了玉米制种田1000多亩,海南铲除违规转基因玉米100多亩,所涉转基因材料全部销毁。

“农业部将建立督查、约谈、问责、报告制度,将各省监管工作纳入农业部延伸绩效考核,同时加大案件曝光力度,对结案的违法案件要求各省农业部门及时公布查处结果,对重点案件适时通报查处进展,欢迎社会各界监督举报。”廖西元说。

焦点四

  进口大豆大都是转基因?

从1996年起,我国成为大豆净进口国,进口量从当年的111万吨持续增加到2015年的8169万吨。在国外,转基因大豆的种植面积十分可观。我国进口大豆是否大都是转基因品种呢?

“全球最大的大豆出口国美国转基因大豆种植比例为95%,阿根廷、巴西几乎全部种植转基因大豆。所以在全球大豆贸易中,主要是转基因大豆。”廖西元说。

廖西元还表示,转基因大豆是安全的,经过国内外的安全审批。

 焦点五

  转基因主粮提上日程?

未来我国转基因产业将如何发展?廖西元表示,“我国将按照非食用、间接食用和食用的路线图,首先发展非食用的经济作物,其次是饲料作物、加工原料作物,再次是一般食用作物,最后是口粮作物。”

据了解,“十三五”期间,将以口粮作物为主进行技术储备,保持抗虫水稻、抗旱小麦等粮食作物转基因品种的研发力度,保持转基因水稻新品种研发的国际领先地位。据新华社

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