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全国政协委员:“下跪执法”凸显城管法规缺失

2016-03-08 04:44:26    华商网-华商报

先是“以罚代管”、“只罚不管”,后又有“下跪执法”、“鲜花执法”、“美女执法”,这些年出现的城市管理怪相的背后,实际上反映的是城管在执法程序和方式上的法规缺失。

昨日,全国政协委员、陕西省人民检察院副检察长巩富文向全国政协十二届四次会议提交了一份提案,建议尽快将城管执法纳入法治轨道。

  “下跪执法”各地屡屡发生

2012年5月1日晚7时30分左右,在济南大明湖东门,城管对占道经营的商贩进行清理,在对一名年轻女商贩的经营物品进行扣留时,双方发生争执。女商贩抱着孩子给城管人员下跪,见状,城管人员也向女商贩跪了下去。

2013年3月,在武汉市江汉区也发生了一起城管队员和摊贩面对面下跪的事件。当日,一名姓曹的城管执法人员和几名队员正在巡查,发现一名50岁左右的摊贩推着一辆小车占道卖菠萝,于是暂扣其小车。双方交涉期间,该男子向城管跪下讨要小车,姓曹的城管当即跪在地上,并对该男子说:“有什么事可以站起来说,你跪着,我也只能陪你跪着。”

2014年11月,江苏宿迁城管执法时向小摊贩下跪的视频和照片又引起热议。当日,在宿迁市区,一名城管执法人员看到一位60岁左右老太太推着车在收废品,就过去让老太太赶快推走,老太太没有听,小伙子就把老太太的秤拿在手里。老太太见秤被拿,就跪下讨要。那名城管一见,当即也双膝跪了下去。

“无论是‘下跪执法’,还是后来的‘鲜花执法’、‘美女执法’、‘眼神执法’等,反映的都是城管执法的无奈。”巩富文认为,这些执法方式简单、随意,降低了城管部门的执法权威。

  城管执法程序法规缺失

巩富文说,由于没有法律明确规定城管部门的执法程序和执法方式,而城管部门也更看重实体权力和管理效果,缺乏必要的程序意识,导致在执法过程中普遍存在服务意识不强、管理方式粗放、执法行为不规范等问题。

“要么就是扣、拆、撕等简单、粗暴的执法,要么就是‘下跪执法’、‘鲜花执法’等无奈的执法。”巩富文说,由于无法可依,城管执法的随意性加大,执法无序、执法不严、执法标准不统一的现象时常发生,而“重管制轻疏导”、“以罚代管”、“只罚不管”等问题也是很常见的。

还有一种情况是,由于没有法律明确规定城管部门的职责,各地方政府在确定城管职责时又不尽科学合理,一些城管部门不仅行使城市建设、工商、公安、市容、环保等行政管理部门的职权,还承担着管理道路街景容貌、建筑物容貌、园林绿地、城市环境卫生、广告设置、市容秩序、市场贸易等管理职能,造成职责交叉、政出多门、多头管理、相互扯皮等问题,常常陷入“主体不明、边界不清”的困境,管理效能低下,群众反映强烈。

  建议完善城管执法综合立法

依据“职权法定”原则,行政机关必须由法律或法规明确授权后才能享有行政执法权。目前,城管执法在国家层面还没有一部位阶较高且专业性强的法律,城管执法的法律依据为《行政处罚法》第16条和《行政强制法》第17条,但这两条法律也只是对城管执法部门的权力来源作了基本的规定,没有法律对城管执法机构及其职责、执法人员的权利义务、执法的程序和方式等问题作出明确规定,造成城管执法工作无法可依,执法的合法性受到诸多质疑。

巩富文在提案中建议国家层面尽快制定一部专门的城市管理综合行政执法方面的法律,明确城管执法机构、工作职责、执法权限、执法程序等问题,为城管执法工作提供权威的法律依据。

同时,巩富文建议健全城管执法标准,细化执法程序,规范办案流程,如执法全程记录制度、行政处罚分级管理和备案制度、调查取证制度、听证制度、审查决定制定、行政处罚错案追究制度,保证和促进城管执法工作的规范化运行。 华商报特派北京记者 张小刚

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