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政协委员孙洁:生育险应纳入医保

2016-03-03 04:57:02    京华时报

孙洁。资料图片

最近一次召开的中央经济工作会议提出,要研究精简归并“五险一金”。全国政协委员、中国社保学会理事、对外经济贸易大学保 险学院副院长孙洁教授昨天向京华时报记者透露,她将在全国两会上提出“关于将生育保险纳入医疗保险制度的提案”,建议建立生育医疗保险基金,基本实现相关 人员全覆盖。这将解决庞大的女性农民工群体没有生育保障,以及超过三分之二城镇基本医疗保险参保者不参加生育险的痼疾。

□背景

生育保险是指国家通过立法对怀孕、分娩的女职工给予生活保障和物质帮助的社会保险制度。生育保险主要覆盖城镇各类企业,筹资模式主要为用人单位向社会保险机构缴纳生育保险费,职工个人不缴费。

生育保险待遇包括生育津贴和生育期间的医疗费。其宗旨在于通过由国家和社会向职业妇女提供生育津贴、医疗服务和产假,帮助她们恢复劳动能力,重返工作岗位,以体现国家和社会对妇女在这一特殊时期给予的支持和爱护。

自 1994年底原劳动部颁布《企业职工生育保险试行办法》以来,生育保险取得了较大幅度的发展,从2003年起我国生育保险发展也已进入完善阶段。截至 2015年底,参加生育保险人数为1.78亿人,比2014年底增加约730万人。但是,生育保险的开展仍有许多不适应社会发展的地方,其发展也面临着许 多困境。

□现状

◎问题1

制度碎片化

各地政策差异较大

多年来,《企业职工生育保险试行办法》覆盖企业职工,属于就业关联的社保制度。而机关事业单位、城乡居民的生育费用通过其他制度予以保障。因此,生育保障缺乏一套系统的制度安排,生育保障体系缺乏整体设计,“碎片化”现象严重。

孙 洁称,一方面,承担生育保障职能的社会保障项目有多个,包括职工生育保险、新型农村合作医疗、居民医保等,且制度之间难以衔接转换;另一方面,每一个制度 都是地区统筹,一般是县级或市级统筹,各地政策差异较大。这既影响公平,又影响效率,还因为政策限制影响到劳动力的自由流动。

◎问题2

覆盖面过窄

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