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处置僵尸企业有了时间表 专家:不会出现下岗潮

2016-01-18 05:42:35    综合

近一段时间,“僵尸企业”成为热词。尤其是近日国务院常务会议提出对持续亏损3年以上且不符合结构调整方向的企业采取资产重组、产权转让、关闭破产 等方式予以“出清”后,清理处置“僵尸企业”有了时间表。专家指出,目前我国的“僵尸企业”问题正趋严重,已成为国民经济发展的负担。解决这一问题,需要采取多方面有效措施,特别是要注重分类处理,避免一刀切。而对于这一过程所带来的短暂性问题,政府有能力处理好,人们不必担心出现下岗潮

1

臃肿低效成负担

“僵尸企业”,主要指那些无望恢复生气、但由于获得放贷者或政府的支持而免于倒闭的负债企业。近日,国务院国资委在京召开中央企业、地方国资委负责人会议,要求2016年着力做好积极处置“僵尸企业”的工作。

财政部数据显示,2015年前11个月,国有企业利润总额20424.7亿元,同比下降9.5%,中央企业14650.6亿元,同比下降10.4%;石油、石化和建材等行业实现利润同比降幅较大,钢铁、煤炭和有色行业继续亏损。

“僵尸企业”的出现并非偶然。国资委研究中心研究员王绛认为,“僵尸企业”有3个主要成因:一是改制成因,初期国有企业改革盛行部分改制而非整体改制;二是历史成因,一些当时因需成立的临时性企业遗留下来;三是企业自身经营机制原因。

2

分类处理寻突破

处置“僵尸企业”任重而道远。国资委主任张毅表示,处置“僵尸企业”是化解过剩产能、推进结构性改革的重要举措,是绕不过的坎,是必须做的“手术”。

分类处理成为解决“僵尸企业”问题的良方。此前召开的国务院常务会议明确指出,加强分类指导,对不符合能耗、环保、质量、安全等标准和长期亏损的产能过 剩行业企业实行关停并转或重组,对持续亏损3年以上且不符合结构调整方向的企业采取资产重组、产权转让、关闭破产等方式予以“出清”,清理处置“僵尸企 业”,到2017年末实现经营性亏损企业亏损额显著下降。

“就现状而言,分类指导非常必要。具体来看,实施分类指导一方面需要考虑到产 业在国内经济的重要性及贡献度,对于支柱产业中的企业既要清理也要有所保留,以推动支柱产业的发展日趋合理;另一方面,对于那些符合创新、环保等国家政策 标准却又表现不佳的企业,要加大扶持力度,避免处理‘僵尸企业’过程中的一刀切。”北京科技大学管理学院经济贸易系教授何维达在接受本报记者采访时说。

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