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俄罗斯要向辽宁舰“借甲板”?俄专家:不丢人

2018-05-22 14:14:43   解放军报

俄罗斯《消息报》网站5月20日发表亚历山大·叶尔马科夫的文章《借用甲板》称,法国唯一的航母“夏尔·戴高乐”号在经历了包括数次赴伊拉克和叙利亚沿海执勤的频繁使用后,于2017年初开始进行为期一年半的整修,预计到今年冬季才能重新服役。因此,法国舰载机飞行员利用与本国航母拥有相似起降系统的美国航母来进行训练,以保持状态。

2018年4月1日,俄战略技术分析中心在非官方博客上发布了俄中就俄飞行员在中国航母辽宁舰上训练进行谈判的记录。当然,这只是在“愚人节”开的玩笑。但是,玩笑中也不乏认真的成分。

俄罗斯舰载机飞行员面临的情况与法国同行类似,可能还更艰难。俄唯一的航母“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号在开赴叙利亚沿海后也开始大修。由于高龄(首次下水已是30年前),它早就该大修了。要知道美国航母入役后会数次进行类似的技术养护,而且到服役25年之际会接受为期四年的全面整修和现代化改造。

对我们的“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号来说,整修工作不会那么彻底。根据今年4月公布的关于维修合同的消息,工作必须在2020年完成,航母将于2021年重新入役。但考虑到俄造船厂普遍难以按时履行类似订单,上述情况能实现的可能性很小。

然而,即使在最乐观的情况下,我们的飞行员仍然会有三年时间无法在甲板上训练。最不幸的是,在“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号远赴叙利亚作战和开始修理前,配备新式米格-29K战机的第100舰载歼击机团没来得及在甲板上充分训练,只有寥寥几名飞行员参加了在“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号上进行的简短培训。

这可能就是该航母舰载机仍以苏-33为主力、只配备了5架更适合攻击地面目标的新式米格-29的原因。如今,年轻飞行员的实践训练进一步推迟,老飞行员的训练也将长期中断。

俄罗斯海军及此前的苏联海军没尝试过在外国舰船甲板上起降,这只是因为与我们友好的国家没有航母。但近年来这种情况发生了变化。1998年,中国从乌克兰购买了“瓦良格”号。2012年,这艘军舰以辽宁舰之名进入中国海军服役。今年5月13日,尚未命名的中国第二艘航母进行海试。

辽宁舰定期出海训练船员和舰载机。从公开视频来看,起降密度比“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号更高,甲板上飞机数量也更多。考虑到这一点以及我们的训练中断,

中国目前可能已经拥有比俄罗斯更多的舰载机飞行员。向这样的合作伙伴学习不丢人。

赴南中国海训练对俄舰载机及飞行员都很有好处。尤其是如果你还记得,俄海军在叙利亚执勤过程中损失了两架歼击机,两次都不是由于战斗原因,而是与甲板训练不足有关。

近年来,俄中军演的规模、强度和重要性不断增长。在导弹防御和战略核力量等敏感领域的联合演习已经成为常态。定期海上军演的规模也越来越大:去年,中国舰船参加了俄海军在波罗的海的演习。在这种情况下,如果俄海军不关注“库兹涅佐夫海军元帅”号的中国“姊妹”航母,那就太奇怪了。如果俄罗斯维修航母的计划是认真的,那么错过获取有益经验的机会和荒废等待期的训练是很不恰当之举。

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