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印度版GPS欲赶超北斗? 已达开发极限落后中国七年

2017-11-18 01:02:21   参考消息

参考消息网11月18日报道 日媒称,中国日前成功发射了首批新一代卫星定位系统“北斗3号”使用的人造卫星。定位精度(误差)将提高至原来的2到3倍,最大达到2.5米。北斗卫星定位系统将在2020年之前覆盖全球。中国不仅在经济和军事层面,在宇宙开发方面也加紧追赶美国。而紧跟中国步伐的印度也正在稳步推进类似项目。

资料图片:2016年1月20日,在印度东南部安得拉邦斯里赫里戈达岛萨蒂什·达万航天中心,搭载IRNSS-1E导航卫星的PSLV-C31型运载火箭发射升空。新华社发

据《日本经济新闻》网站11月17日报道,“我们的定位系统最早将在明年下半年实现商用化。”印度的空间应用中心理事米斯拉(音)日前接受采访时如此自信地表示。

报道称,虽然印度自主开发的卫星定位系统“NavIC”只覆盖印度周边地区,但是作为取代美国全球定位系统(GPS)的自主定位卫星备受关注。米斯拉自信地表示,“2019年使用移动电话应该就能接收位置信息”。

空间应用中心是印度负责宇宙开发的印度空间研究组织(ISRO)的下属部门之一,负责开发雷达等卫星搭载装置。

报道称,中国的北斗定位系统于2011年面向民间开放。如果像米斯拉所说的那样,印度在2018年实现NavIC的商用化,可以说“印度将比中国落后7年”。经济学家认为印度的经济增长“比中国落后10年”,在宇宙开发方面,中印的差距将有所缩小。

米斯拉称,NavIC的定位精度与中国的北斗系统一样,“也是最大2.5米”。此前不少人认为“精度在10~20米之间”,但米斯拉解释称,“将和中国一样,使用2个发送不同频段信号的接收芯片,将误差控制在2.5到5.0米之间”。

报道称,印度决定自主开发定位卫星的一个原因是曾有过无法依赖GPS的惨痛经历。在1999年,为获得位置信息曾向美国请求利用GPS,但遭到拒绝,切身体会到了自己拥有卫星定位系统的必要性。印度政府2006年批准开发,2013年发射了第1号卫星。目前有7颗卫星位于地球静止轨道等,预计2018年年初发射第8颗。

“为我们开发出了好几种能向世界展示的系统而骄傲吧。我们还开发了NavIC。”在8月15日的独立纪念日演说中,印度总理莫迪这样鼓舞国民。还有很多观点认为,关于宇宙开发的这部分发言也包含了不想输给中国的热情。

报道称,事实上,从对米斯拉的采访中可以感觉到印度在卫星定位系统开发上的极限。

“我们向台湾企业出钱,委托他们进行制造和测试,”关于上述提到的“2个接收芯片”米斯拉是这样说明的。虽然并没有提及具体企业名,但可以看出,这个能发扬国威的国家项目光凭印度政府和企业的力量还无法完成。

米斯拉就芯片价格表示:“现在1枚高达10万卢比(约合1万元人民币),无法为智能手机等标配。需要降到1枚1美元。”从这点来说,可能还离不开拥有先进生产技术的台湾企业的合作。

报道称,印度并不具备聚集各类制造业的“基础体力”,今后一段时间内应该会继续凭借东拼西凑的自给自足主义追赶中国和世界。

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