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日本年轻一代反思"神风特攻队" 不愿为国家参战送死

2017-11-13 02:40:59   参考消息

参考消息网11月13日报道 英媒称,第二次世界大战期间,数以千计的日本飞行员加入“神风特攻队”,以“帝国之名”用自杀式的飞机俯冲向美军进攻。70多年之后回首历史,看看这些曾经的日本军人如今对日本年轻一代来说意味着什么。


这是日本神风队队员的资料照片。新华社发

据英国广播公司网站11月5日报道,当记者在东京问三个年轻人对“神风特攻队”有何看法时,他们的回答分别是:不合理、英勇、愚蠢。

“‘英勇’?”当池泽舜平听到弟弟池泽匠的形容时发出了质疑,“我怎么不知道你原来这么右翼?”

报道称,具体的数字很难核实,但一般相信,有3000-4000名日本飞行员曾驾驶飞机主动撞向盟军目标。

据估计,这类任务的成功率只占10%,但却曾经导致过50艘盟军舰船沉没。

报道称,战后数十年来,在日本,有关“神风”飞行员的看法一直很分化,原因之一是这些飞行员所留下的历史反复被日本右翼民族主义者利用。

“盟军于1952年离开日本时,右翼民族主义者强势地冒出,他们在几代人当中一直致力于夺回主流话语权。”静冈大学的M·G·舍夫托教授说。

“甚至在1970年代和1980年代,日本民众的绝大多数仍然认为‘神风’是一种可耻的东西,是政权对他们的家人犯下的罪。”

“但是在1990年代,民族主义分子开始试水,试探他们能不能将‘神风’飞行员封为‘英雄’而相安无事。当他们没有遭遇反弹之后,他们就越来越大胆。”舍夫托教授说。

报道称,进入21世纪,《吾为君亡》、《永远的零》等右翼电影公映,就直接将“神风特攻队”塑造成所谓“英雄”。

报道称,那个评价他们“英勇”的少年池泽匠也承认,他的观点是受到了电影的影响,但是他说,假如日本明天要打仗,他不会愿意为国家而死。

英媒发现,事实上,根据盖洛普国际在线的调查,即使只是为国家参战,也只有11%的日本国民表示愿意。这个数字令日本在受访国家当中位列最后。

可是,那些在当时多数是在17-24岁之间的“神风”飞行员,真的都完全自愿为他们的国家而死吗?

英国广播公司记者与两位仅有的幸存者谈过,他们都已经90多岁了,这个问题的答案是否定的。

报道称,91岁的桑原敬一描述了他被告知要成为“神风”分队一员的那一刻:“我感觉自己脸都青了。”当时他只有17岁。“我很害怕,我不想死。”

“我在那之前一年就失去了父亲,只剩下我的母亲和姐姐在做工养家。我从自己的薪津当中拿出一些钱寄给她们。我当时想,如果我死了怎么办?我一家人吃什么?”

于是当他的引擎发生故障使他不得不返回时,他松了一口气。

英媒称,不过在书面记录上,桑原敬一是被认为自愿加入的。“我是被迫的还是自愿的?如果你不理解军队的本质的话,这是一个很难回答的问题,”他说。

舍夫托教授说,飞行员会被要求在一大批人当中举手表态自己愿不愿意加入。在旁观者压力下,几乎没有人能够对任务说不。

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