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日媒:日制造业走向衰落 不止职业道德低下问题

2017-10-21 03:39:02   参考消息网

原标题:日媒称日本制造业走向衰落:不仅仅是职业道德低下问题

参考消息网10月21日报道日媒称,神户制钢所、日产汽车等日本制造业的代表性企业接二连三发生舞弊事件。两家企业都存在质量意识低下和企业治理无效的问题,不正当操作的水很深。这些异常事态可能动摇外界一直以来对日本制造业整体的信心。

据日本《产经新闻》10月20日报道,日产公司社长西川广人在19日的记者会上表示:“我们将重启生产,杜绝再次发生类似事件,夺回(消费者的)信心。”

报道称,这番话很难让人百分百相信。在曝出无资质人员充当出厂车正式检查员的问题后,西川社长曾在2日的见面会上解释说:“目前已经做到了检验员百分百有资质。”结果社长的话言犹在耳就又曝出了新的问题。

报道称,神户制钢所也是在采取了所谓万全的防范措施后再次出现新问题的。该公司集团下属企业去年刚刚发生违反日本工业规格的舞弊事件。结果最近又被发现大量铝制品等产品存在数据造假。

报道称,在制造业生产现场违反操作规程的做法已经被视为理所当然且由来已久,这种现状凸显出组织整体道德意识的低下。

据报道,日产的正规检验员把自己的印章借给无资质员工,违反日本国家规定,对出厂车辆进行检验。西川社长对此解释说,“背后的原因是作为现场负责人的股长和课长之间存在沟通障碍”,但也存在整个组织参与违规行为的嫌疑。

报道表示,另一方面,通过神钢篡改性能数据一事还暴露出“特采”制度被部分滥用的问题。“特采”是指当产品没有满足与客户商定的规格时,在客户知情的情况下仍然同意收货的习惯做法。虽然“特采”本身并不违法,但以篡改过数据的产品冒充就不同了。

报道称,日本国内的制造业正在面临着激烈的国际竞争。但在生产一线,企业却以提高效率为名将人员数量缩减到最少。在这样的背景下,一旦接到订单,为了按时交货,工人就要承受相当大的压力。

报道表示,神户制钢所否认是管理层指示造假,但是并没有否认一线员工可能承受着限期交货的巨大压力。川崎博也会长也表示“不能说没有这种情况”。日产的西川社长对于记者提出的是否存在压缩工人数量导致生产一线压力山大的问题,也承认“或许是存在这种环境的”。

日媒认为,日本制造业衰落的还不仅仅是品质和道德,竞争力的低下也已经被数据所证明。据研究机构日本生产率本部的统计,2000年时仅次于美国排名全球劳动生产率第二的日本制造业如今已经跌至第11位。在大幅提高生产率的物联网方面更是远远落后于德国和美国。

日媒表示,面对如此的危机,日本的企业经营者看上去只能束手待毙。经济同友会代表干事小林喜光警告说:“我们要深刻认识到日本企业经营劣化的现实,必须借助他山之石做出改变。”(编译/刘林)

相关新闻:

日媒:中国互联网正在跳跃式发展 让一切皆有可能

《日本经济新闻》网站10月18日刊文称,日本社会一步一步形成的消费风格的变化以及创新的普及在中国市场则呈“跳跃式”发展。

文章描述了这样一个场景:“感谢您乘坐。车内温度怎么样?您想喝点什么?”坐进特斯拉的纯电动轿车“Model S”后,身穿白衬衫、戴着白手套、剪着短发的专车司机会礼貌地这样询问。在递上一瓶矿泉水后,Model S平稳起步。记者乘坐高端特斯拉专车的城市并非高档车满街跑的北京和上海,而是中国内陆城市贵阳。这里有一家专门从事高端纯电动汽车出租服务的公司,被认为是亚洲最大的特斯拉买家。

文章称,该公司拥有150多辆特斯拉汽车,提供能通过智能手机APP轻松约车的服务。平均费用方面,行驶距离10公里的话,车费约为150元。差不多是普通出租车的3倍、普通专车的2倍,不过因“豪华且环保”而非常受到顾客欢迎,早晚基本都是约满的状态。该公司的服务有三分之二被用于商务用途,包括接送和接待客户。其余三分之一用于个人用途,大多用于生日和结婚纪念日等。

文章称,贵州省的人均区域内生产总值(GDP)约为日本的15%,但街上不仅有特斯拉,闹市区还有无印良品、H&M和星巴克等全球知名企业的店铺,中产阶层的消费正稳步提升。

“现在,随着互联网的普及,消费的最新信息会迅速传遍中国的角角落落。中国的消费者充满好奇心,全都想要世界最尖端的商品服务。”文章援引带领佳能中国开展业务10多年的副社长兼执行董事小泽秀树的话这样表示。

文章称,日本社会一步一步形成的消费风格的变化以及创新的普及在中国市场则呈“跳跃式”发展。手机取代固定电话迅速普及。一半以上的用户都使用智能手机,通话大部分经由APP。电影和电视剧等影像内容的视听没有经过太长的录像带及DVD时代就一下跨入了网络时代。

文章称,这种跳跃式的革新存在优点,“正因为是一片崭新的土地,所以什么都能挑战”。


展开全文
责任编辑:穆启春 CN063、孙鑫鑫 CN066
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