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韩企应重新制定对华经济战略 无视中国发展行不通

2017-09-29 00:56:18   

参考消息网9月29日报道 外媒称,进入21世纪后,中韩两国的经济合作开始迅猛发展,韩国对华出口激增。然而,去年两国“萨德”矛盾爆发后,双方经济合作迅速遇冷。

韩国《亚洲经济》网站9月27日发表题为《韩国经济遭遇“中国危机”这个锅不能只由“萨德”背》的报道称,大韩贸易投资振兴公社(KOTRA)近日发表报告《中韩经济关系中长期变化趋势和课题》,建议重新整理中韩经济关系。报告将1992年中韩建交后的经济合作分为3个阶段:1992-1998年为1.0时代,2001年中国加入世贸组织(WTO)后至2008年为2.0时代,2012年中国经济迈进新常态后至今为3.0时代。1.0时代中,进军中国的韩企主要分布在山东及东北三省,2.0时代则主攻沿海及华东、华南地区,但3.0时代已经拓展到了中国全境,同时,中韩两国企业的目标从加工贸易转向拓展内需,主要行业也从制造业扩大了服务业。

资料图:韩元和人民币。(韩国《亚洲经济》网站)

报道称,建交25年间,韩国企业对中国累计投资达数十万亿韩元,但最近受“萨德”影响,损失越来越大。专家表示,中韩经济关系进入3.0时代,从市场一体化的角度来看,两国应积极应对危机,首要的就是完善中韩自由贸易协定(FTA)。

相关人士指出,在3.0时代中,中韩FTA的签订是最有意义的变化,也是两国迈向市场一体化的第一步,但目前还有很多方面需要完善。在商品通关、技术贸易壁垒、经济合作及知识产权方面,现有的FTA只是在大体上画出了一个框架,实际上并没有具体规定,把缺失的内容填补上非常重要。该人士说:“中韩FTA生效2年后,两国本应对服务及投资等进行后续协商,但目前却遇到了‘萨德’等外交问题的阻碍。”

除FTA外,近来韩国不少声音都建议韩企减少对中国的依赖,转向越南等东南亚新兴市场。但学界相关人士指出,尽管中韩经济合作因“萨德”问题陷入了最糟糕的境况,但中国仍是韩国的最大出口对象国及贸易国。出口多元化虽然也是一种应对方式,但从韩国经济的结构来看,无视中国去发展是行不通的。

报道称,事实上,即使没有“萨德”问题,韩国经济也已经出现了问题。韩国产业研究院发表的报告显示,韩国家电、通信机器及汽车等产品的质量及技术虽然在中国还占有优势,但5年后,中国企业将迎头赶上,大幅缩小差距。目前,韩企在商品价格上已经不具备竞争优势,而在不久后,很可能会连技术竞争力也荡然无存。

有意见认为,韩国企业不应一味将矛头指向“萨德”,而是应该发展区别于中国企业的新产业,开发新产品,不断提高技术水平,以先进的技术为基础,重新制定对中国的经济战略。

另据路透社9月28日报道,韩国企划财政部27日表示,政府将向受到“萨德”问题影响的企业提供税收减免和贷款。韩国政府计划允许免税店运营商及其他在中国经营的零售商递延全部或部分公司所得税及增值税,递延期限最长九个月。

该部还称,将向因韩系车在华销量下降受到冲击的汽车零配件制造商提供低息贷款,相关贷款将通过动用政府支持机构资金的政策融资方式来提供,这些机构包括韩国进出口银行、韩国贸易保险公社等。此外,措施还包括提振国内旅游业的计划。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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