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法国巴黎15万人抗议示威 反对政府实施劳动法改革

2017-09-24 01:22:18   海外网

新的名称将叫做“社会经济委员会”,具备以上三个机构的职能,至少拥有同样的预算。这一委员会在行会谈判达成协议后可纳入工会代表(DS)。

减缩员工代表机构计划引起工会批评,他们担心这样一来压缩了工会的特权以及工会运作的手段。

企业直接与员工代表谈判

政府提出,一个拥有11至50人的企业,可以在资方与员工代表之间直接谈判。这一谈判只有在企业具备工会代表的情况下才可进行,大约百分之九十六的小企业具有工会代表。

劳动部提出的谈判方案生效的条件是,如果员工代表获得了百分之五十的选票;或者协议通过了全员公决形式批准。这一方案也引起工会组织的担心,他们担心这是一种避重就轻的战略。

另外,为了鼓励行业掌握最小型企业的特殊性,行业协商可能会融入有关顾及最小企业的专门条款。最小型企业指的是10人以下、1人以上的企业。

加速推动多数通过制

劳工部希望推动这一体制,其要旨在于凡一项新的企业协议,只要获得在选举中获得百分之五十以上选票的工会签字后即可生效。这一措施有可能在九月份起实施。

这一措施已经针对劳动时间、休息、请假等措施施行。如果要在企业协议中纳入另外的议题,必须经过获得百分之三十以上选票的工会的签字即可。

劳资法庭判决员工补偿上限

政府希望在发生企业滥权解雇员工情况下,规定出一个企业向被解雇员工赔偿费用的上限。但这一条款排除因性骚扰或歧视而导致的解雇。

具体赔偿形式目前尚不清楚,根据法国工联的说法,大约在员工上告胜诉的情况下,获得的损失赔偿以每工作一年补偿一个月工资计算。根据上届政府推出的相关法案,一个人在企业工作43年后,最高损失补偿相当于21.5个月的工资。目前已经施行的一项条款是,一位有着两年以上工龄的员工,可获得6个月的工资赔偿。

政府同时接受工会提出的条件,提高合法解雇的补助。

新的解雇标准

国际企业可以依据其法国分支在法国的经济业绩而不是依据企业在国际上的业绩来作为解雇员工的动机。这一条款上届政府最早提出,但在强烈反对下最终撤回。

对经协商达致的赔款不征税

政府希望以此来减轻法庭和劳资法院的沉重负担。在发生争议后,第一时间通常是协商,但协商的成功率只有百分之五点三。之所以成功率低,据指因为打官司获得的赔款可在税收上获得优惠。

事实上,通过法庭和劳工法庭获得的赔款完全免除了个人所得税,但是通过协商得到的赔款却不是这种情况。这一情形鼓励涉事人上告法庭。

建立自动离职法律框架

目前,超过50人以上企业如解雇至少10人,企业必须提出自动离职方案,这一门槛可能会提升至30人。

改革后,企业可以通过多数通过制决定解雇,人数自行决定,条件是企业同时必须招聘。

离职/招聘的比例,以及离职补助的比例将由企业与工会谈判达成协议后做出。最后的离职方案必须经由大区委员会确认后才能实施。

毫无疑问,劳动法改革将是马克龙五年总统任期的标志性工程。但是法国离任总统奥朗德,首次严厉警告继任总统马克龙不要“要求法国人做出无谓的牺牲“。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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