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美间谍战无不胜无所不在?西媒关注中情局惊悚70年

2017-09-19 02:41:58   参考消息网

(原标题:美国间谍战无不胜无所不在?西媒关注中情局惊悚70年)

资料图:这是2016年4月13日在美国弗吉尼亚州兰利中情局总部拍摄的中情局标识。新华社/美联

参考消息网9月19日报道 西媒称,世界上最大、最强的情报机构美国中央情报局9月18日迎来成立70周年诞辰,70年来该机构进行的各种绝密任务可谓是一部最佳惊悚片。

据埃菲社9月17日报道,暗杀、推翻反对美国的政府、政变、训练和资助准军事集团、选择性绑架等等,这些行动构成了1947年9月18日成立的中情局备受争议的历史。

报道称,这一天,《国家安全法》生效,这是时任总统哈里·杜鲁门(1945年-1953年)为了将国外分散的情报机构整合在一起而颁布的。中情局继承了在二战(1939年-1945年)期间为避免美国再遭类似珍珠港偷袭事件而成立的战略服务局的衣钵。

关于中情局的所有一切都是“绝密”——包括它的编制和预算,不过在2013年透露、《华盛顿邮报》刊登的一份报告显示的数字令人震惊:21575名员工,147亿美元的预算。

报道称,与中情局在冷战时代的最大竞争对手——苏联的克格勃不同,中情局被禁止在美国境内采取行动,事实上该机构行动只听从美国总统的指挥。

9月18日中情局将在位于华盛顿郊区、弗吉尼亚州兰利的总部庆祝成立70周年。“到时候会有生日蛋糕”,中情局公共事务办公室发言人珍妮特·S.坎波斯在总部大厅走廊对埃菲社记者说,而中情局局长迈克·蓬佩奥将亲自操刀“切蛋糕”。

报道称,在总部大厅黑白相间的大理石地面中间是著名的中情局徽标,墙上刻着125颗星星,纪念在秘密行动中死亡的125名特工。

“中情局保护美国,加强世界安全”,坎波斯说,她试图去除中情局在人们心目中的“神秘感”:“我们的员工都是普通美国人,但干的事情非同寻常”。

她补充说,中情局希望“解决世界上最困难的问题”,显然在它70年的历史中,这个任务得到了出色地完成,不过也出现过巨大的失败。

例如中情局引以为豪的“PBSUCCESS”秘密行动,在1954年支持危地马拉流亡军人发动政变,一举颠覆了反对美国的哈科沃·阿文斯·古斯曼民选政府。

报道称,在很多其他行动中,中情局也大获成功,例如1967年在玻利维亚抓住并处决了著名的阿根廷-古巴游击队员埃内斯托·切·格瓦拉;或者在苏联入侵阿富汗时(1979年-1989年)为那些反抗入侵的伊斯兰教战士提供资金和武器。

不过中情局的间谍在1961年策划猪湾入侵行动试图推翻古巴领导人菲德尔·卡斯特罗时遭遇失败,未能让古巴共产主义政权垮台,也没能预防2001年9月11日“基地”组织对纽约双子塔和华盛顿五角大楼的恐怖袭击。用美国间谍专家蒂姆·韦纳的话来说,“9·11”相当于“第二个珍珠港”。

报道称,2011年5月2日美国出动特种部队在巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德射杀“基地”组织头目乌萨马·本·拉丹,算是为中情局报了一箭之仇,不过讽刺的是本·拉丹正是中情局在苏联入侵阿富汗期间一手训练和资助起来的。

尽管遭遇惨败,但是中情局战无不胜和无所不在的神话几十年来不仅存在于敌人的脑海中,而且因为谍战影片的影响,很多美国人也是这样认为。

一位匿名的中情局历史学家告诉记者,“好莱坞并没有好好展现我们……电影里放的尽是爆炸、飙车场景……这不是我们的生活。”

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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