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超级日全食横贯美国东西两岸 14个州上演白昼如夜

2017-08-22 07:47:00   科技日报

百年一遇,日全食横贯美国东西两岸

为日地月三星探索提供难得契机

科技日报华盛顿8月21日电(记者刘海英)当地时间8月21日,美国民众期盼已久的日全食如期而至。这个百年一遇的景象,不仅让众多天文爱好者体验到日全食带来的震撼,也给科学家探索日、地、月三星奥秘提供了难得的机遇。

此次日食始于东北太平洋,横跨美国,至大西洋中部结束。当地时间21日上午9时5分(北京时间22日0时5分),美国西海岸民众开始看到月亮逐渐遮蔽太阳;美国东部时间下午4时9分(北京时间22日4时9分),美国东海岸民众可见的最后月亮阴影消失,美国本土可见的日食现象结束。

此次日食在地球表面形成了113公里宽的日全食带,斜跨美国14个州。西起俄勒冈州林肯市、东至南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的日全食带地区生活的1220万美国人,以及来自世界各地的天文爱好者都经历了两分钟左右的完全黑暗。

美科学界将此次日食视为极好的科普教育机会。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)推出了主题网站,对此次日食现象进行全面介绍,告诉民众如何安全观看日食、参与有关的科研活动。全美各地近5000家公共图书馆免费发放了200多万副用于观看日食的眼镜。NASA还推出了相关的盲文书籍,让盲人也能参与其中。

此次日食也为科学家探索太阳、地球、月球及其相互作用奥秘提供了机会,很多科学家借此开展相关研究,仅NASA就动用了11架航天器、50多个高空气球以及众多地面观测站进行多点观测。而美国多个研究机构,尤其是位于日全食带地区的研究机构更是借此机会开展了日冕磁场测量、太阳辐射能对地球的影响等多项研究。

此次日全食是1918年6月8日以来第一个横跨美国全境的日全食,同时也是1979年2月6日以来第一次可在美国本土观测的日全食。据NASA估算,下一次在美国本土观看日全食要等到2024年4月8日。

责任编辑:刘敏丹 CN012
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