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美国对委内瑞拉制裁升级 两国关系“驶入新低谷”

2017-08-02 00:55:30   新华网

(原标题:美国升级对委制裁火上浇油难解困局)

美国7月31日宣布对委内瑞拉总统马杜罗实施制裁,后者随即隔空回怼。围绕近期举行的委制宪大会选举,两国关系“驶入新低谷”。

分析人士认为,美国制裁凸显其企图左右委政局的霸权思维,但制裁本身对委内瑞拉影响有限,反而不利于政治解决委国内问题。

新闻事实

当天早些时候,美财政部发表声明说,已将马杜罗列入外国资产控制办公室的制裁名单。马杜罗在美国境内的资产将被冻结,同时美国人将被禁止与其进行交易往来。

美财政部长姆努钦称,委内瑞拉制宪大会选举“非法”,任何当选制宪大会代表的个人都将可能成为美国制裁的对象。

马杜罗回应称,不会被美国的威胁和制裁打倒,他对此“毫无畏惧”,制裁恰恰显露出美国政府的“无能、绝望和仇恨”。

深度分析

委内瑞拉国际问题专家塞尔希奥·罗德里格斯指出,美国对马杜罗制裁的象征意义远大于实际效果,对委内瑞拉影响有限,只是暴露出美国长期以来对委敌视、企图介入委内部事务的意图。

中国社科院拉美所中美洲和加勒比研究中心秘书长王鹏认为,美国既有制裁都指向委政府和执政党高官,意在威慑和分化委政府内部力量。

委内瑞拉卡拉沃沃大学教授路易斯·德尔加多认为,美国对委新制裁是其自查韦斯时代以来对委干涉与敌对外交政策的延续。“近20年来委内瑞拉与美国的关系总体没有好转,而是一直处于跌宕起伏的状态。如今,双方关系正驶入新低谷”。

中国社科院拉美所副所长袁东振认为,经济制裁很难逼迫委政府改弦更张,反而令马杜罗政府态度更加强硬,不利于委朝野实现对话和解。

第一评论

“门罗主义”不是委内瑞拉危机的解药。

危机的出路,在于委朝野各方在宪政框架下进行政治谈判,通过双方对话和妥协达成共识。

此前,国际社会为促成朝野对话进行大量斡旋,成效初现。但遗憾的是,制宪大会选举和外部力量介入导致对话中断,使委局势迅速滑向激烈对抗。在这种情况下,美国制裁不仅无助于问题解决,只会使矛盾加剧。

奉行“门罗主义”的美国历史上曾多次干预拉美国家内政,遭到拉美国家强烈反对和集体抵制。美国应从中吸取教训,放弃对拉美国家内政干预,为拉美地区和平稳定扮演更具建设性的角色。

相关链接

自1999年查韦斯成为委内瑞拉总统后,委美关系一直处于紧张状态。两国自2010年7月以后一直没有互派大使。

2015年3月,时任美国总统奥巴马下令对7名委政府、军队高官和企业高管实施制裁。

2016年3月,美国宣布将制裁委内瑞拉部分官员的行政命令延长一年,引发委政府不满并召回驻美国使馆代办。

今年2月13日,美国以涉嫌“在国际毒品走私中扮演重要角色”为由,宣布对委内瑞拉副总统艾萨米实施制裁。

7月26日,美国宣布对委内瑞拉13名现任或前政府官员实施经济制裁。

7月30日,委内瑞拉举行制宪大会选举。而反对党联盟竭力反对,并组织大规模游行、“全民公投”等以示抗议。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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