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俄媒关注中美芯片之战 美国对中国雄心担忧与日俱增

2017-08-01 00:37:35   参考消息

参考消息网8月1日报道 俄媒称,紫光集团是中国微芯片产业的领导者。它投资240亿美元建设了全国第一家生产现代化微芯片和半导体的工厂。即使以中国的标准来说,这也是一笔大钱。这说明,中国政府已经下定决心要夺走美国在IT领域的主导权。

俄罗斯《专家》周刊网站7月31日报道称,华盛顿也知道北京的打算。美国难以掩饰自己的担忧,因为不管早晚,中国人几乎总能达成自己的目标。白宫担心中国让全世界充满廉价微芯片,搞垮美国生产商。因此,美国政府在2015年和2016年冻结了紫光集团对几家美国微芯片生产商的收购。紫光集团董事长赵伟国表示,他正在建设自己的微芯片工厂,因为美国政府不允许紫光在美投资。他说:“中国企业在很多领域遭到区别对待,这里也不例外。这不是正常现象。”

报道称,华盛顿指责中国企业在政府支持下进行不公平竞争。美国人相信,中国争夺微芯片业领导地位的方式,与此前在冶金、太阳能、铝等行业的做法一样。中国则认为这种指责是对本国发展不加掩饰的干扰。地缘政治游戏不仅妨碍中国企业,也困扰美国企业。

报道认为,微芯片业领导地位之争直观地表明,几年前还是全球经济发展主要趋势的全球主义越来越让位于经济民族主义。这种变化的结果是贸易战愈演愈烈,各国通过关税等手段保护自己的市场。

报道称,微芯片和半导体是共和党和民主党立场几乎完全一致的少数问题之一。2015年在奥巴马执政时期成立的半导体工作小组在特朗普上台后继续工作。它正在寻找阻碍中国微芯片发展的方法,特别是阻止其购买美国技术。现在,美国正在效仿德国商讨从严立法,给外国人(首先是中国投资者)投资可能威胁美国国家安全的战略部门制造困难。据美国荣鼎咨询公司计算,近两年来,中国企业试图收购总价值约340亿美元的美国微芯片生产商,但只完成了44亿美元的交易。

美国人还谈到了贸易制裁、加强出口管控和增加本国科研投资等问题。

美国认为,中国在微芯片领域对美国垄断的威胁更甚于80年代末的日本。当时,华盛顿通过制裁和科研成功维护了领导地位。相比于30年前的日本,中国的主要优势在于拥有世界最大的市场,其微芯片销量占全世界的58.5%。普华永道会计师事务所估计,2015年全球微芯片市场规模为3540亿美元。这赋予北京对外国供应商不小的影响力。

报道称,中国微芯片产业发展计划在2012年加速,相关产品的进口额首次超过了石油。美国国际商业策略咨询公司估计,中国微芯片市场的规模约为2070亿美元,其中90%的产品来自国外。中国市场的前十大销售商都是外国公司。

中国成立了“大基金”(国家集成电路产业投资基金)来支持生产微芯片和半导体的公司。中国政府设定了在2030年前使本国微芯片产业具备竞争力的目标。届时,至少有几家中国企业应成为行业领导者。美国伯恩斯坦研究公司认为,如果中国的所有项目都得到落实,那么2020年全球微芯片市场的供应将超过需求25%,从而导致价格下降和利润减少。

报道称,当然,这种对北京来说过分乐观的预测未必会实现。也就是说,华盛顿仍然有时间击退正在迅速发展的中国生产商。但出于对中国人坚韧不拔精神的了解,可以推测,他们早晚将达成自己的目标,成为这个高科技领域的领导者。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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