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外媒解析拿破仑死亡之谜:被毒死抑或得胃癌?

2017-07-28 05:03:38   参考消息

参考消息网7月28日报道外媒称,两个世纪以来,关于拿破仑·波拿巴之死一直有很多猜测。1821年5月5日给出的官方说法是胃癌,虽然后来的调查认为,这位法国皇帝有可能是被毒死的。但是当时的西班牙媒体是怎样报道的呢?死亡消息是什么时候被获知的?关于拿破仑生命最后的日子,报纸又披露了哪些细节?对于这位曾经征服欧洲的男子的离世,大家是感到庆幸还是悲伤?拿破仑有哪些遗言?

06月18日,在比利时首都布鲁塞尔以南20公里的滑铁卢镇,一名拿破仑扮演者重现滑铁卢战役。

据西班牙《阿贝赛报》网站7月26日报道,为了解开这些疑问,《阿贝赛报》记者查阅了200年前的报纸刊登的文章。当时的报纸不像现在的网络这么迅速,事实上有关拿破仑的死讯直到1821年7月17日才传到西班牙,此时距离拿破仑死亡已经过去了两个半月。根据国家图书馆里保存的档案,当时有两家报纸《杂闻报》和《环球报》报道了拿破仑的死讯。

《杂闻报》的报道简洁明了:“我们今天收到的国外报刊宣称,拿破仑·波拿巴在卧病在床40天后,于5月5日下午6点在圣赫勒拿岛去世,6年前他被英国人流放到该岛。应拿破仑本人的要求,他的尸体被解剖,发现死因为胃癌”。

报道称,直到20世纪,才有人对拿破仑的尸检结果产生怀疑,当时的尸检是由6名英国医生和拿破仑的私人医生进行的。1961年瑞典一位著名牙医声称,拿破仑是被人用砷毒死的。此后在法国政府或者像美国联邦调查局等机构的支持下,对拿破仑的死因进行了很多调查。最后美国《国家地理》杂志在2015年发表文章,表示拿破仑确实死于胃癌,看起来该杂志在它委托进行的调查分析中,没有找到拿破仑砷中毒的证据。

《环球报》在1821年7月17日的报道比《杂闻报》稍微详细些,“英国媒体对拿破仑消息的报道引发关注。在临死前,拿破仑要求解剖自己的尸体,以查看他是否患了与他父亲同样并导致其父死亡的疾病,也就是癌症。医生遵照吩咐行事,发现病人没有猜错。拿破仑在死前一直保持清醒,死的时候看似没有遭受痛苦”。

同一篇报道还说,拿破仑直到死前15天才开始治疗肿瘤,他还向医生表示,恐怕自己逃脱不了病痛的魔爪。文章继续写道,“拿破仑患上此病的原因很好猜测,因为他的命运经历了突然逆转。主要是与他深爱的温柔妻子还有心爱的儿子痛苦分离,另一方面,他遭受了不公正的流亡,生活方式跟他原来习惯的活跃生活完全相反”。

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