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干细胞新疗法利用癌组织硬化特性精准抗癌

2017-07-27 11:08:02   新华网

新华社华盛顿7月26日电(记者林小春)美国研究人员26日说,他们研发出一种干细胞新疗法,能利用癌组织硬化的生物物理特性,精准杀灭癌细胞,并减少化疗常见的毒副作用。

加利福尼亚大学欧文分校研究人员当天在新一期美国《科学转化医学》杂志上发表了这一研究成果。该校药学系赵伟安副教授告诉新华社记者,癌组织硬化是实体瘤比较普遍的一个现象,但是传统的癌症治疗都没有把这种生物物理特性作为靶点的治疗方案,这是他们工作的创新之处。

首先,赵伟安团队对从人骨髓分离的间充质干细胞进行改造,使它们具有特异感应硬化肿瘤组织的能力。然后,在小鼠实验中,他们直接静脉注射这种干细胞,同时静脉注射一种前体药物。干细胞进入硬化肿瘤组织后会释放一种酶,能将前体药物转化成杀死癌细胞的药物,这样就避免了对健康组织的毒副作用。

研究表明,这种干细胞疗法对乳腺癌肺转移小鼠的癌细胞生长有极大抑制作用。治疗后6个月,对照组小鼠存活率为10%左右,而经过干细胞疗法治疗过的小鼠存活率达到60%。有一部分小鼠经过治疗后,其癌细胞完全消失。

赵伟安说:“以前癌症治疗都基于靶向生物化学因子,但是找到特异识别癌细胞的生物化学因子很困难。同时,癌细胞很容易产生耐药性。所以我们的这项研究为癌症治疗提供了一个全新方案。”

他介绍说,很多实体瘤都有癌组织硬化这个现象,所以他们的方法有望在多种癌症的治疗中推广,并且不易产生耐药性。比如,他们现在就在利用肠癌等癌症进行进一步试验。接下来,他们希望能够尽快开展人体临床试验以验证该方法的有效性和安全性。

责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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