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美媒:美对华原油出口意外激增 日均进口是去年10倍

2017-07-11 03:50:32   参考消息网

(原标题:美媒:美国对华原油出口意外激增日均进口量是去年10倍_《参考消息》官方网站)

参考消息网7月11日报道 美媒称,美国对中国的原油出口最初只是涓涓细流,如今已变为滔滔洪流,这种情况很少有人会预料到,主要是美国原油供应意外激增所致。在国会取消美国40年原油出口禁令仅仅两年后,供应激增情况已使美国石油价格低于中东竞争对手的价格。

资料图:美国得克萨斯州一家炼油厂。(美国《华尔街日报》网站)

据美国《华尔街日报》网站7月10日报道,中国是全球最大的石油进口国之一。2017年前5个月,中国从美国日均进口原油近10万桶,是2016年平均水平的10倍。中国海关数据显示,4月份和5月份日均进口量大幅增至逾18万桶。这一变化受到美国石油生产商的热烈欢迎,这些生产商一直试图使石油行业摆脱持续了三年的价格低迷局面,价格低迷已打击了利润和就业,业内高管和地方官员如今纷纷推动对墨西哥湾港口进行升级改造,以停靠将大量原油运往世界各地的巨大油轮。

海关数据显示,尽管中国来自美国的原油进口额仍远低于来自俄罗斯、沙特和安哥拉等主要供应国的进口额,但今年有望远高于10亿美元,而去年仅为1.5亿美元。

报道称,海关数据显示,今年前五个月中国原油进口量同比增加13%。与此同时,在美国原油开采量大幅增加的背景下,美国政府在2015年解除了实施近40年的原油出口禁令,颠覆了石油贸易的格局,加之中东地区的政治不确定性(包括上月以沙特阿拉伯为首的中东四国与卡塔尔断交),诸多因素合力打开了美国对华原油出口的阀门。

曾为中国政府提供能源政策咨询的厦门大学能源专家林伯强认为,如果有机会购买中东以外地区的石油,中国就应该购买,前提是必须具经济性。

美国原油更加经济在一定程度上是因为石油输出国组织欧佩克的产量限制措施推高了基准布伦特和迪拜原油价格,而美国页岩油产量的上升推低了美国原油价格。

报道称,美国对华原油出口激增成为两国关系的一个亮点,虽然扩大美国天然气对华出口一直是侧重点,但石油贸易或将成为削减美国对中国贸易逆差的另一个重要途径,这也是特朗普政府的关键目标之一。

报道称,但美国对华原油出口突然激增的势头也有可能会同样迅速地终止,美国原油价格需要保持在比竞争对手更为低廉的水平,才能弥补从美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区运输石油成本更高、时间更长的劣势。估计石油从该地区运抵中国需要六周,而从中东运抵中国只需三周,由于距离中国路途遥远,因此需要采用更大型的油轮以提高规模效益并降低成本。

同时,中东石油巨头也不可能轻易就放弃有利可图的中国市场。沙特阿拉伯国家石油公司等生产商一直希望扭转出口下滑的局面,寻求中国投资者参与其IPO计划,让中国能提前锁定沙特日后成功带来的收益。因此,沙特下调了在亚洲地区的官方石油售价,中东地区的油价可能持续下滑,中国政府石油进口多元化的愿望可能随之减弱,进而给美国石油供应商带来最大威胁。

咨询公司Energy Aspects的中国石油分析师Michal Meidan称:“不是美国政府简单说说就能实现可持续的指数级增长。”

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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