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菲律宾马拉维冲突持续 IS加大投入欲扎根菲南部

2017-06-14 04:42:30   北京晨报

6月12日是菲律宾独立日,国旗在南部城市马拉维升起,而与之伴随的是不远处的爆炸声。自5月23日冲突爆发,马拉维冲突总伤亡数已超过两百,数万人流离失所。马拉维冲突目前情况如何?此次冲突为何会持续如此长时间?极端组织“伊斯兰国”(IS)会否借马拉维冲突扎根菲南部?

抓捕演化冲突

5月23日,马拉维当地军方和警方开始搜捕反政府组织阿布沙耶夫的头目哈皮隆。哈皮隆为美国国务院通缉榜单上的重要目标,也是“伊斯兰国”在菲律宾南部的重要代理人。

出乎军警意料的是,一场抓捕行动很快升级为大规模冲突:哈皮隆率领的武装分子占领了市政府、监狱、医院和教堂等重要机构,绑架市民为人质;驻扎在马拉维城外的陆军103旅军营也遭到哈皮隆盟友、曾宣誓效忠“伊斯兰国”的反政府武装“穆特”组织袭击。

冲突初期,武装分子占据相当大的优势,甚至在大街上设卡,拦截并杀害当地警察。不过随着菲律宾政府军增援抵达,局势发生转变,武装分子逐渐被压缩至城区一部分,马拉维市出口均被政府军设卡堵住。

据菲国防部长洛伦扎纳透露,武装分子来自四个组织,其中人数最多的“穆特”组织有250人至300人参战;哈皮隆率领的阿布沙耶夫武装分子较为精干,为50人至100人;还有来自其他两个反政府武装的80人增援。

经过21天的鏖战,据官方统计,政府军方面死亡58人,武装分子方面死亡138人,至少有20名平民丧生。目前,为数不多的武装分子被政府军围困在三个街区内,挟持平民垂死挣扎。

升级至鏖战

马拉维冲突时间之长、伤亡之多超乎预料,多个原因拉平了双方的实力对比,升级至鏖战。

首先,菲政府军并不擅长城市作战,而注重野外作战,在获得火力支援的情况下顺风顺水,火力支援不足的情况下往往大失水准。

新华社记者曾观看过菲律宾与美军的联合演习,作战形式通常是在火箭炮和重炮的支援下,部队突击势如破竹。但在本次马拉维冲突中,为避免造成大量平民伤亡,菲政府军很难使用重炮等火力支援,甚至在使用火力支援时还需要注意防止误伤友军。1日的战斗中,军方在空袭时发生误炸,造成11名政府军士兵死亡。

而武装分子则肆无忌惮,队伍中还有来自沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯车臣等地区的外籍武装人员,他们对城市作战比较熟悉。此外,阿布沙耶夫不少成员从阿富汗归来,同样熟悉城市作战。其次,军方低估了武装分子的人数。

平息有希望

尽管冲突持续并造成重大伤亡,但菲南部情况与战火纷飞的中东地区仍有不同。

在政府的政治攻势下,作为菲南部两大主要反政府武装之一的“摩洛民族解放阵线”宣布派出2000兵力加入到政府军针对哈皮隆和“穆特”组织的打击中。另一主要反政府武装“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”同样比较配合政府,在马拉维冲突期间作为中立者调解交战双方。

两大反政府组织与菲政府的合作让不少人看到解决冲突的希望。不过值得注意的是,“伊斯兰国”正在菲律宾南部加大投入。印度尼西亚国防部长里亚库杜4日说,据印尼掌握的情报,活跃在菲律宾的“伊斯兰国”成员大约有1200人。据新华社

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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