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波多黎各将进行第五次公决 或成为美国第51个州

2017-06-12 03:40:29   北京晨报

(原标题:成为美国第51个州?波多黎各将第五次公决)

位于加勒比海的波多黎各岛定于当地时间11日就与美国之间的地位关系举行第五次全民公决,以决定成为美国第51个州、维持现状还是独立。

声明不愿意做二等“公民”

波多黎各原是西班牙殖民地。1898年美国与西班牙战争结束后,波多黎各被割让给美国。目前,波多黎各拥有美国联邦领土地位,享有内部自治权,自行选举总督和立法机构。但是,不同于美国的州,波多黎各人虽然拥有美国公民身份,但是只能参加美国总统选举初选,不能参加普选;波多黎各人虽然不用缴纳美国联邦所得税,但是相比美国诸州,波多黎各所获联邦拨款更少。

上世纪60年代以来,就与美国的地位关系,波多黎各举行了4次全民公决。前三次公决中,成为美国第51个州的方案都被否决。2012年第四次公决中,虽然做出决定的选民中,超过半数赞成“成为美国的第51个州”,但是三分之一以上选民未作决定,因而这一结果的合法性受到质疑。一些选民认为,成为美国的一个州,能获得更多联邦资金支持,帮助波多黎各经济摆脱危机。波多黎各已经连续10年经济衰退,负债超过700亿美元,实际上已经破产。当地失业率达到12%,贫困率高达45%;340万居民中,超过50万人已经前往美国本土找工作。

波多黎各新任总督里卡多·罗塞略说:“我们的殖民地地位已经不可持续,这种地位是财政和经济危机的因素之一。”“让我们大声向美国和全世界发出明确信息,我们波多黎各人不仅要获得美国公民地位,而且要平等待遇,”波多黎各前驻美国国会代表佩德罗·皮耶路易西10日说。

分析经济落后很难“转正”

本次公决中,波多黎各人有三个选项:成为美国第51个州;维持现状;与美国实行自由联系下的内部自治或独立。

如果多数人选择第三个选项,波多黎各将在10月再次举行公决,在两者中做出最终选择。波多黎各一家报社5月下旬所做民意调查结果显示,62%的波多黎各人支持成为美国的一个州,17%的人希望维持现状,15%的人赞成第三个选项。

如果波多黎各人选择“成为美国的一个州”,能否如愿还将取决于美国国会。分析师预计,美国国会不会把波多黎各“扶正”。美国东北大学波多黎各事务专家阿米尔卡·巴雷托告诉美联社记者,处于财政破产状态的波多黎各想成为美国的一个州“简直荒谬”。

“这将完全由国会说了算。”巴雷托说,“无论公决结果如何,我强烈怀疑,作为普遍心态,国会将可能不理睬投票结果,一周之后会假装什么都没有发生过。”

美国政府4月拒绝批准本次公决计划,理由之一是波多黎各当局当时的公决方案中没有提供“维持现状”的选项。美联社援引美国司法部一名发言人的话报道,司法部尚未审议波多黎各方面提交的新方案,已经要求对方推迟公决,但是遭到拒绝。

“拥有美国州的地位”在波多黎各内部也面临反对之声,三个政党已经决定抵制本次公决。反对者认为,与美国走得更近,将丧失波多黎各自身的文化和自治。另外,主要反对党的青年组织领导人曼努埃尔·卡尔德龙·塞拉梅说,成为美国的一个州后,虽然有望获得更多联邦拨款,但税务负担也将加重。

“我还是孩子的时候,就被告知,密西西比是美国最穷的州。”塞拉梅说,“现在我28岁了,密西西比还是最穷的州。所以,成为美国的州并不能确保波多黎各经济腾飞。”

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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