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日本天皇最快明年底退位 自民党选举修宪公投或受影响

2017-06-11 04:20:38   新京报

日本国会参议院9日通过旨在推动明仁天皇退位的特别立法,宣告该法成立。根据相关规定,天皇将在该法公布后三年内正式退位。日媒称,退位日期很可能在2018年12月底或2019年3月底。

届时恰逢日本政坛“多事之季”:执政的自民党将在2018年迎来总裁选举;本届众议员也将于2018年底到期。此外,为在2020年前完成修宪,修宪全民公投也可能与天皇退位时期重合。有分析指出,天皇退位时期将影响日本政坛今后的日程安排。

日本政府将在3年内颁布政令,确定天皇退位日期。《朝日新闻》10日报道,为减少退位改换年号给国民生活造成的不便,政府计划在2018年12月下旬完成皇位交替,从2019年元旦起改用新年号。

不过,由于秋冬季皇室活动密集,负责皇室的宫内厅希望退位和即位能在春季进行。因此,政府也在考虑2019年3月底天皇退位,4月1日新财政年度开始时起用新年号。不论采用哪种方案,政府都会在正式更改年号半年或几个月前公布新年号。

链接

日本媒体设想“三套方案”

日媒称,为避免重要事件日程冲突,首相安倍晋三会根据退位日期设计今后的政治日程。《每日新闻》通过政权内部透露的信息设想了三套方案。

方案一:2018年9月自民党总裁选举后立即解散众议院,在12月众议员任期结束前提前举行大选。《每日新闻》称,安倍想要避免天皇退位与众议员到期时期重合,自民党内部认为在总裁选举后解散众议院的意见也较多。一名自民党干部说:“第4次安倍内阁最迟也要在明年11月组阁完毕。”

自民党计划明年上半年发起修宪动议,在国会通过后,需在60至180天内进行修宪全民公投。按照上述方案,如果安倍在明年9月自民党总裁选举结束后解散众议院,那众议院选举投票和修宪公投就可以安排到同一天,确保修宪公投投票率。不过,这会变成由自民党全盘主导修宪日程,势必遭到在野党强烈反对,“公投形势会相当严峻”。

方案二:安倍可以选择在明年总裁选举前解散众议院,在大选获胜稳定政权基础后再进行总裁选举、发起修宪动议。不过,如果大选中赞成修宪的势力失去众议院三分之二以上议席,那距离安倍达成2020年实施新宪法的目标就会很远。

方案三:将修宪公投推迟到2019年夏季,与参议院选举一并进行。在这种情况下,新天皇已即位,如果公投顺利,同样赶得及在2020年实施新宪法。不过,前提是赞成修宪势力在众议院选举中必须确保赢得超过三分之二议席,否则动议将很难在国会获得通过,也就谈不上举行全民公投。与此同时,《每日新闻》指出,如果修宪公投赶上参议院选举,还涉及2019年10月消费税率上调问题,有分析指出,这也将影响公投结果。据新华社

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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