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日本众院通过"合谋罪"法案引发民众及人权组织反对

2017-05-24 10:14:33   环球时报

日本众院全体会议5月23日凭借自民、公明两个执政党和日本维新会等的多数赞成,通过了以“合谋罪”为主旨的《有组织犯罪处罚法》修正案,其中写入了在计划犯罪阶段就可处罚等相关内容。日本共同社5月23日报道称,继日本众院法务委员会之后,日本执政党再次不顾民进党等在野党的反对,强行进行了表决。执政党为在本届国会使其成为法律,将探讨延长原定6月18日闭幕的会期。日本在野四党以存在“内心自由受威胁、权力膨胀化”(民进党党首莲舫语)担忧为由,计划彻底抗争,使其成为废案。

报道称,鉴于修正案已在众院通过并送交参院审议,日本自民党和民进党举行了参院国会对策委员长会谈。自民党方面提议24日让首相安倍晋三出席,在参院全体会议上启动审议程序,但被民进党方面拒绝。安倍为出席在意大利召开的美日欧七国集团(G7)峰会,25日将启程离开日本。预计参院29日将启动审议。

在众院全体会议前的议院运营委员会理事会上,议运委员长佐藤勉(自民党)行使职权决定对修正案实施表决。日本民进党和共产党提出了反对。这两个在野党出席全体会议并投下反对票;自由党和社民党则抗议表决,没有出席。与执政党磋商后实现修改部分法案的维新会则转为赞成。

日本法相金田胜年在法案通过后向媒体称,“这是大家理解了(修正案)是重要法案的结果”。莲舫批评称,此举“无视在野党的存在,凭借数量之力不顾(反对意见)”。日本共产党委员长志位和夫也批判说“无法容许强行表决”。

共同社介绍,修正案将277种犯罪作为对象,把恐怖组织和黑社会组织等“有组织犯罪集团”规定为适用对象。若成员2人以上策划犯罪,其中一人赴现场踩点等作出“准备行为”,则同意犯罪计划的所有成员均将受到处罚。以实施犯罪后进行处罚为原则的现行刑法体系将发生变化。

日本政府把有必要早日签署《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》作为修改法律的依据,强调对2020年东京奥运会和残奥会的反恐对策而言,修改也不可或缺。安倍多次回答质询称“普通人士不会成为对象”,谋求理解。

不过,日本在野党则指出无法消除对搜查机关肆意搜查的疑虑,还批评这会让日本成为“窃听和检举揭发横行的监视社会”。在野党计划在参院审议中,也促使修正案的问题点凸显出来。

日本众院强行表决通过“合谋罪”法案,不仅引发了日本民众的大规模抗议,还招致了国际人权组织的反对,据日本NHK电视台报道,关于修改“合谋罪”构成要件、新设“恐怖活动等预谋罪”的法案,人权组织成员和律师23日举行记者会,出示了联合国特别报告员为表示关切而发给日本政府的信函等,并呼吁重新进行法案的制定工作。

报道称,该信函是联合国隐私权问题特别报告员约瑟夫·卡纳塔西本月18日发给日本政府的。信函对法案表示了关切,指出“法案有可能导致对隐私权等的过度限制”。就此,日本内阁官房长官菅义伟22日表示了强烈抗议,称“信函内容显然是不妥当的”。

反对这一法案的6个人权组织成员和律师23日在东京举行记者会,公布了卡纳塔西的信函和22日晚新发表的一份声明。卡纳塔西在声明中反驳称:“来自日本政府的抗议没有面对我的关切和法案的缺陷,绝不能认为草率强行通过法案的做法是正当行为。”声明还向日本政府提出要求称:“日本政府应该停下现在的脚步,迈上作为世界标准的民主主义国家的道路。”

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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