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特朗普或推翻奥巴马气候政策 各国希望寄托中国

2017-05-22 00:48:31   参考消息

参考消息网5月22日报道英媒称,随着人们认为美国总统特朗普或将退出全球协议又或是极少参与,许多国家把减缓气候变化的希望寄托在中国和印度身上。

据路透社5月17日报道,5月8日到18日在德国波恩举行的2015年《巴黎协议》详细“规则书”谈判是自特朗普上台以来联合国首次谈判,与会代表称这次与美方2001年脱离全球气候变化的努力相比更少。

资料图片:2015年11月30日在法国巴黎北部市郊的布尔歇展览中心拍摄的气候变化大会开幕式现场。

特朗普对全球变暖是人为原因的说法表示怀疑,并表示在5月26日到27日之间在意大利举行的七国领导人会晤后将决定是否发起一个威胁“取消”《巴黎协议》的运动。《巴黎协议》是第一个团结所有国家为控制排放制定目标的协议。

“一个大国可以影响整个局势的时代已经过去了,”塞舌尔气候大使罗纳德·朱莫说。“没有美国的话会有一个空白,但是中国和印度似乎在加大努力。”

报道称,中国、欧盟和印度为首的排放大户再次重申了对巴黎协议的承诺,巴黎协议寻求在本世纪通过转化为清洁能源消除温室气体排放。与此形成对比的是,特朗普希望青睐美国的煤炭。

许多代表指出《巴黎协议》前身的1997年的《京都议定书》,该协议只要求富国减排,这一议定书在美国前总统小布什2001年反对参与前仍维持了下来,虽然力度变小了。

“我们从《京都议定书》中获得了很好的教训,我们没有美国也在继续,”48个落后国家集团主席、埃塞俄比亚的加布鲁·任抹·恩达卢说,这些国家更容易受到热浪、洪灾和海面上涨的威胁。“我们从新兴经济体中看到新领袖”,他说。

与会代表称,尽管如此,如果华盛顿方面退出,那么由奥巴马政府筹划的《巴黎协议》将会受到打击,尤其是美国主导的数十亿美元对发展中国家的援助将会枯竭。

“这可能损害到全球雄心,”美国气候和能源解决方案中心的埃利奥特·迪林格说。

报道称,2001年,布什表示克林顿政府签署的《京都议定书》规定的减排可能会榨干美国的工作岗位,而且《京都议定书》错误地忽略了中国和印度减排的目标。

而现在,根据欧洲研究人员的“气候行动追踪”组织报告,中国和印度正在超出《巴黎协议》到2030年限制温室气体排放的目标,弥补了美国的不足。

“特朗普总统的反转不太可能对2030年的全球排放产生重大影响,”它说,预计中国和印度对煤炭的依赖比预计得少。

报告说,特朗普的煤炭倾斜政策会令未来几年美国的排放持平,而过去十年美国的排放下降了11.5%。而且,太阳能和风能的价格下跌会令清洁能源更有吸引力。

“气候行动追踪”组织的报告人员比尔·黑尔表示,要实现《巴黎协议》设定的目标,“最终还是要美国加入”。“但如果有四年的间断并不意味着一切都结束了。”

《巴黎协议》的另一大不确定性是俄罗斯,这是唯一没有正式批准该协议的大国。到目前为止,已有146个国家批准了《巴黎协议》。

“我们支持《巴黎协议》,并计划当我们清楚了解整体情况后讨论是否批准,”俄罗斯的首席代表奥列格·沙马诺夫说。他还提到莫斯科方面于2004年批准了《京都议定书》,协助挽救了这一计划。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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