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美媒称中俄研发卫星:必要时可与美飞行器同归于尽

2017-05-16 01:37:22   参考消息

参考消息网5月16日报道美媒称,根据美国情报机构联合会的一项评估,俄罗斯和中国正在积极地寻求新的武器和军事能力以对抗美国对太空的统治。事实上,两国正在考虑发展可以攻击美国卫星及其他太空轨道资产的武器。

资料图:美国“猎鹰9”火箭成功把卫星发射至目标轨道。新华社发

美国《国家利益》双月刊杂志5月14日刊登题为《俄罗斯和中国将如何对美国发动战争:摧毁卫星》的报道称,美国国家情报总监丹尼尔·科茨5月11日在国会听证会上宣读的证词称:“我们评估认为,俄罗斯和中国觉得有必要消除美国从军事、民用或商用太空系统中获得的军事优势,并且正越来越多地考虑攻击卫星系统,作为它们未来战争学说的一部分。两国都将继续寻求全系列的反卫星武器(ASAT),作为削弱美国军事战斗力的手段。”

报道称,大多数针对美国太空资产的攻击很可能是非动能性的,其重点将被放在电子攻击和网络战方面。科茨的证词称:“开发工作将极有可能集中在针对专门的军事卫星通信(SATCOM)和合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像卫星的电子干扰能力,以及针对全球导航卫星系统——如美国全球定位系统(GPS)——的增强打击能力方面。电子战和网络攻击能力的结合,将很可能扩大对于封锁或降级信息网络的高级手段的寻求。中国研究人员已经讨论过利用新系统增强业已强大的电子干扰能力,以便对常用频率进行干扰。俄罗斯则打算实现其电子战部队的现代化,并在2020年前列装新一代的电子战武器。”

不过,在电子战和网络武器不能实现它们想达到的目标时,俄罗斯和中国准备“利用动能力量在物理上摧毁美国的太空资产”。科茨声称:“俄罗斯和中国的某些新型反卫星武器,包括毁灭性系统,将很可能在今后几年内完成开发。俄罗斯的军事战略很可能把反太空武器当作更大范围的航空航天防务军备重整的不可或缺的一部分,并且很可能寻求获得一整套多样化的能力,以影响位于所有轨道体系的卫星。”

但不只有俄罗斯军方:在美国情报界看来,莫斯科的决策者们也在推动反卫星武器。科茨称:“俄罗斯的立法者们已经批准军方获取可打击近地轨道卫星的反卫星武器,俄罗斯正在测试这样的武器以便用于最终的部署。一名俄罗斯官员也曾承认,俄罗斯在开发一种能够摧毁近地轨道卫星的飞机发射式导弹。”

报道称,在地球的另一边,中国处在列装一种可实际使用的反卫星武器的边缘。与此同时,这两个大国正在致力于开发定向能量武器以对付美国的卫星。科茨说:“在中国拦截了位于近地轨道上的一颗本国卫星10年之后,其陆地发射式反卫星导弹也许正接近于完成在解放军内部的实操部署。两国都在以列装反卫星系统为目的推进定向能量武器技术,这些反卫星系统可以蒙蔽或破坏敏感的太空光学传感器。俄罗斯正在开发一种用于攻击美国卫星的机载激光武器。

据报道,此外,两国都在开发可以影响其他太空资产或在必要时可以与敌方轨道飞行器相撞并同归于尽的卫星。科茨说:“俄罗斯和中国将继续进行先进的在轨卫星活动,例如会合和逼近作业,其中至少有一些活动很可能意在测试具备固有的反太空功能的双重用途技术。比方说,以卫星检修和碎片清除为目的的太空机器人技术研究可能会被用于破坏卫星。此类使命在未来将构成一种特殊的挑战,从而损害美国描述太空环境、破译太空活动意图以及提供威胁预警的能力。”

因此,随着时间的流逝,五角大楼将不得不进行更多投入以确保美国保持其在太空的优势。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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