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媒体:美减税计划是1张A4纸 营改增1年减税6800亿

2017-05-16 01:26:35   国经济周刊(北京)

(原标题:美国减税计划不过是一张A4纸营改增一年减税6800亿)

增值税改革的减税效应

营改增1年减税6800亿,增值税两次改革减税逾1.2万亿

文章导读:从税制优化的角度看,这两次改革都是通过减税来发挥对微观主体和宏观经济运行的积极调控作用。

不久前,大洋彼岸的美国总统特朗普宣布了重磅改革——减税!

一时间,关于税收负担和减税的讨论声再起。但是,现实的情况则是:美国这份万众瞩目的减税计划,内容不过是一张A4纸。而与此同时,恰逢中国营改增全面实施一周年,据市场预估其减税规模就达6800亿。不仅如此,中国过去5年累计减税已逾1.2万亿元。

2009年以来,我国对增值税进行了两次改革,这两次改革对我国社会经济的影响重大,意义深远。从税制优化的角度看,这两次改革都是通过减税来发挥对微观主体和宏观经济运行的积极调控作用。

增值税两次改革减税逾1.2万亿

2009年,中国开始推行“增值税转型”改革(生产型向消费型转型);2011年,推行“增值税扩围”(增值税征收范围扩展向营业税征税范围)改革,两次改革的目的均是通过减少中间环节的重复征税不断促进增值税的优化,但在改革内容和减税规模上存在差异。

第一次改革:增值税转型

增值税转型改革的背景是2008年的全球金融危机使国内许多企业面临着较大的经营困难,生产型增值税不准予扣除当期购入固定资产进项税额的规定形成了对固定资产的重复征税,进一步加重了企业的负担。为了减轻企业税收负担、克服国际金融危机带来的不利影响,2009年我国开始推行增值税全面转型的改革。

改革以允许企业抵扣新购入设备所含增值税为核心内容,同时取消进口设备免征增值税和外商投资企业采购国产设备增值税退税政策,并将小规模纳税人的增值税征收率统一调低至3%。

根据财政部统计数据,2009年全年国内增值税收入18481.24亿元,同比增长2.7%,比2008年增速低20.6个百分点,全年国内增值税收入虽实现增收,但前10个月国内增值税累计收入均为减收。据税务机关统计,从2009年到2011年的三年间,增值税转型改革带来的减税总规模累计5000多亿元,明显减轻了企业的税收负担。同时,我国中部的山西、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南6省增值税转型改革在全国范围全面推开后的前8个月就完成增值税抵退156亿元。

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