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专家:日媒成造谣“惯犯” 抹黑中国取悦政府(图)

2017-05-11 09:30:07   环球时报

日媒如何成了造谣“惯犯”

霍建岗

日本媒体近日推出“中方要求美军罢免日裔美国太平洋司令部司令哈里斯”的“重磅”报道,结果被证明是谣言。其实,这已不是日媒在涉华报道中第一次造谣,它们曾在去年谎报中国将退出《联合国海洋法公约》,也曾捏造过中国海监船机关枪瞄准日本渔船等假新闻,可以说是“累犯”。

日媒的涉华谣言与不实报道已不能用“偶然失误”来解释。错误百出而不加反省,实际上反映了日媒对华心态的变化以及新闻操守的劣化。究其原因,大致可从以下方面解释。

首先,谣言增多是为取悦对中国不友好的日本政府。日本媒体自诩“第四权力”,常以“独立报道”自夸。但对日媒稍有了解的人都知道,其与权力关系之深超出想象。大报、电视台受“记者俱乐部”体制控制,唯政府之命是从。因近年来日本政府将中国视为安全上的“假想敌”,因此日本媒体的涉华报道完全按此逻辑编排,一些右翼媒体为了取悦政府甚至枉顾事实,甘愿成为政府部门释放假消息的工具。比如2014年日媒炒作中国军舰火控雷达照射日本护卫舰的假消息,其间与日本防卫省相互配合的痕迹就很明显。

其次,满足读者的“恶趣味”,故意妖魔化中国。被日本政府当做对华舆论战工具的通常都是有资格进入“记者俱乐部”的大媒体,其他不少周刊、小报根本登不上那种“大雅之堂”,但很多时候,它们在涉华报道上的“作为”却一点都不输于大媒体。经过政府与大媒体多年“教育”,日本民众对华已有诸多误解。这些周刊、小报利用这种社会环境,迎合部分民众错误的“中国观”,比大媒体走得更远,常用惊悚的标题和夸张的语言,将明显捏造的“中国报道”传播给日本受众,比如日本某周刊杂志竟称“5万名中国间谍潜伏日本”,这种不实信息进一步毒化了日本社会的“中国观”,破坏中日关系基础。

第三,蓄意造谣是日媒“找茬”心态的必然结果。冷战后,日媒对华态度发生颠覆性变化,在意识形态上从相对客观变成敌视中国,而随着中日国力对比逆转,“找茬中国”的心理越来越明显。它们有时倾向于根据主观想象预设立场,然后寻找能够“佐证”自身立场的材料,即便那些材料看上去根本靠不住,它们也宁愿当真的去报道。日媒报道中一些涉及中国民族问题的假新闻,就可以从这个角度进行解释。

第四,与目前日媒涉华部门新闻从业者的水平也有很大关系。日媒对华态度的整体改变也导致相关部门媒体人的素质下降以及行为方式的改变。对他们而言,进行涉华报道时,客观和专业性远不如“站稳立场”重要,只有对中国持批评态度才是“政治正确”。在这种背景下,他们制造涉华假新闻的“违法成本”极低,非但不会被自己人追究甚至还会获得嘉奖,相比而言,如果制造日本国内的假新闻,则肯定会被挞伐甚至因此丢掉饭碗。2002年所谓日本驻沈阳总领馆被闯馆事件,本是日媒与“国际人权组织”合谋制造的一起事件,而该日媒拍摄的影像却被日本新闻协会评为“最佳作品”。“制假者”不受惩罚反受奖励,自然不会吸取教训,反而会在制假道路上越走越远,日美报道中的涉华谣言和假新闻也就不可避免地层出不穷了。

日媒在涉华报道中成为造谣“惯犯”,无疑损害了日本舆论界甚至整个社会的公信力和操守。相信世界其他地方的媒体同仁和普通受众,以后在看到日媒报道时都会多个心眼,以免在不经意间成为造谣者的帮凶。▲(作者是中国现代国际关系研究院日本所副研究员)

责任编辑:孙鑫鑫 CN066
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