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日本筹划出台天皇退位特例法 应对皇室成员减少

2017-04-24 05:13:43   环球时报

原标题:为应对皇室成员减少等问题,日本筹划出台天皇退位特例法

[环球时报驻日本特约记者杨苁宇卢昊]据日本《每日新闻》23日报道,日本政府根据专家委员会的最新报告准备出台关于明仁天皇退位的特例法。有专家指出,为应对天皇退位、皇室成员减少等现实问题,有必要在此次天皇退位特例法“开先例”的前提下,进一步修订法律,设立永久制度,解决天皇代际传承、女性皇室成员地位等问题。日本舆论则对改革皇室制度以适应现代需要表示支持。

《每日新闻》说,关于天皇退位的专家委员会“减轻天皇公务负担等问题有识者会议”日前在首相官邸举行第14次会议,会议最终达成一致,以报告形式提交政府。报告建议就天皇退位出台“特例法案”,退位后的天皇夫妇继续保留皇族身份,分别称呼“上皇”和“上皇后”,而象征性国家元首身份将由现任皇太子德仁继承,天皇次子秋筱宫文仁将在德仁即位后享受“皇嗣”即皇太子待遇。基于该报告,政府将启动相关法案的拟定工作。自民党国会对策委员长竹下亘22日在福冈表示,下月20日左右将相关法案提交国会,国会议长召集各党代表开会,“认真讨论,争取尽快形成法案”。

《读卖新闻》23日称,天皇“生前退位”尚无先例,因此在宪法及相关法制方面引发争议。民进党等在野党主张建立永久性退位制度,而自民党反对修订《皇室典范》,通过仅适用于明仁天皇的特例法。在自民党主导下,目前正按特例法方向推进。一些舆论批判说,执政党对专家委员会的工作施加压力。专家委员会成员、东京大学教授、政治学家御厨贵22日接受《读卖新闻》采访时说,专家委员会坚持以制定特例法为方针的做法“并未受到来自首相官邸的压力”。他表示,日后可能以此次特例法为基础,对《皇室典范》进行修订,制定永久性习惯法,将皇位传承、女性皇室成员身份问题通过法律制度化。

《朝日新闻》说,天皇退位问题已经成为影响日本政治进程的大事。2016年8月,明仁天皇发表讲话,基于自己的健康状况公开表示“生前退位”意向。相关舆论调查显示,大多数日本民众对天皇的决定表示理解,支持天皇退位。但相关法律制度的修订,包括政治程序的确定仍是复杂问题。《每日新闻》说,日本内阁法制局对于天皇“生前退位”的相关程序“面有难色”,称此举可能与宪法产生冲突,需要研究并调整相关法律解释。但因天皇年事已高,加上皇族近年来人丁凋零,为避免“国体动摇”,以天皇退位为契机改革皇室制度十分迫切。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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