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日本学者:中国将成亚太地区主导 美国迟早会撤出

2016-12-11 03:51:21   参考消息网

参考消息网12月11日报道奥地利《新闻报》网站12月6日刊发该报对日本庆应大学教授、国家安全委员会顾问细谷雄一的专访,其中谈及了特朗普会如何进一步破坏亚太地区的稳定等问题。访谈摘编如下:

《新闻报》记者问:唐纳德·特朗普当选总统对亚洲有哪些影响呢?尤其是他已经暗示了美国将抽身而退。

细谷雄一答:东亚和东南亚目前正经历非常矛盾的时期:在经济方面该地区是世界上最具活力的——但同时也是最危险的。很长时间以来北京就以美国撤退为目标,以便自己作为地区主导站稳脚跟——就和当时苏联在东欧所做的那样。如果美国人撤退,中国就将贯彻它的计划。因为届时北京就没有势均力敌的军事对手了。

问:特朗普希望结束《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)并对中国商品实行进口关税。这会产生哪些后果呢?

答:特朗普是否真会这么做我们将拭目以待。因为这会对美国造成损害,并增强中国人的力量:美国将从一个最具经济活力的地区退出,而中国则会跃居为主导的经济力量并借此来巩固其地缘政治地位。毕竟中国的《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》是与TPP相对的一个模式,如果TPP失败,日本可能会加入前者。中国、韩国和日本之间缔结协议也是可能的。

问:您预计美国真会撤出吗?还是说不过是选举期间的虚张声势?

答:我们应当保持对美国的压力,从而令它留下来。但是与此同时我们应当看到现实:美国人迟早会撤出亚洲——即便希拉里·克林顿当选的话它也准备这么做。特朗普只是加快了这个初现端倪的趋势。美国不愿再负担保护韩国、日本或者是菲律宾等国的成本。但是这令它更容易受到攻击:中国在南中国海拥有军事基地,如今通过太平洋的核潜艇可以直接对美国领土发起攻击。如果北京主导了该地区,美国就受到桎梏。

问:日本首相安倍晋三和特朗普谈论过这个问题吗?

答:安倍采取了明智的做法:他将关于TPP未来以及安全合作的所有细节都从议事日程上删除。他只是说,与日本合作将令美国“更重要”。这很合特朗普的意,他喜欢安倍。特朗普厌恶多边主义,但喜欢双边协议。他将很高兴在亚洲有一个盟友。

问:对特朗普来说,日本拥有核弹也是没问题的。日本的“和平主义”国防政策就此而告终了吗?

答:中国最大的担心是日本军事化。这将不会发生,就算日本强硬派这么要求。我们也不谋求发展任何核武计划。这样的举措将进一步破坏该地区的稳定。尽管如此,美国撤退会加强日本的地区影响力。这个国家已经学会和平地解决危机。感觉自己受到威胁的邻国将与我们接近。

问:朝鲜是另外一个不稳定因素。“特朗普主义”会产生哪些影响呢?

答:朝鲜的外交政策是受内部而非外部因素推动的。然而朝鲜最近提出了新的核谈条件。我参加了在北京举行的与朝鲜代表团的会面。平壤的谈判条件是美国和中国进行核裁军。这意味着:放弃核武器是不可能的,眼下朝鲜希望作为核国家得到承认。

问:这特朗普会接受吗?

答:它是可能的。特朗普明确表示他拒绝目前这种国际秩序——也包括核不扩散体系。特朗普可能会与朝鲜达成协议。但这可能会促使韩国进行核扩军等等。我目前认为,这种对国际法的背弃是新一任总统任期最大的风险之一,特别是对欧洲和日本这样的多边主义者来说。(编译/赵涟)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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