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戈尔巴乔夫谈苏联解体25年:个人野心导致国家分裂

2016-12-09 07:19:25   

原标题:苏联前领导人戈尔巴乔夫:苏联解体因个人野心,我深感痛心

【环球时报驻俄罗斯、德国特约记者汪嘉波青木环球时报记者谷棣柳玉鹏甄翔】据俄罗斯《生意人报》报道,俄自由民主党发言人表示,8日下午4时,该党在莫斯科马涅日广场举行集会,抗议《别洛韦日协议》签署25周年。25年前,他们曾在这一广场举行过抗议苏联解体的集会。俄共方面称,将在国家杜马小厅举行听证会,讨论《别洛韦日协议》和叶利钦的整体政策。俄共主席久加诺夫建议,禁止“叶利钦中心”在俄活动,因为正是由于叶利钦才造成苏联解体。俄共中央委员会副主席卡申表示,12月21日将在斯大林诞辰日举行大规模活动,在这一活动中将讨论《别洛韦日协议》,以声讨造成强大国家解体的行为。不过,包括执政党统一俄罗斯党在内的其他政党并没有公布什么活动计划。

戈尔巴乔夫(资料图)

1991年12月8日,时任白俄罗斯最高苏维埃主席的舒什克维奇在别洛韦日附近的狩猎行宫接待俄罗斯总统叶利钦和乌克兰总统克拉夫丘克,并举行秘密会谈。三人签署了有关苏联解体和建立独立国家联合体的《别洛韦日协议》,宣布苏联“根据国际法和地缘政治现状”不再存在。随后到12月25日,苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫宣布辞职,苏联正式解体。

俄国际文传电讯社7日报道称,戈尔巴乔夫接受该社采访表示,苏联解体是《别洛韦日协议》参与者个人野心和权力欲造成的,当时苏联有可能保留下来,但他未能遏制住那些渴望分裂国家的人。“我对苏联解体感到痛心。我到处呼吁保留苏联,但人民保持了沉默。有人想成为总统,这是正常的,时任俄罗斯领导人带头分裂苏联。”对于西方在苏联解体问题上扮演的角色,戈尔巴乔夫称,不应将所有过错都推到西方国家身上,西方看到苏联发生的一切,他们在那里高兴得搓手,不仅观看,而且也参与其中。

独立调查机构俄罗斯列瓦达中心日前公布的民调显示,51%的俄罗斯人认为苏联解体本可以避免,56%的受访者对苏联不复存在感到惋惜,仅有29%的受访者认为苏联解体不可避免。在解释自己对苏联解体持负面态度的原因时,受访者最认可的两个选项是,统一的经济体系遭到破坏(53%)、人们失去了自己是一个伟大国家公民的感觉(43%)。29%的受访者认为,苏联解体的原因是“俄乌白领导人不负责任并毫无根据地签署《别洛韦日协议》”,23%的人在苏联解体中看到了“外部敌对势力的阴谋”。列瓦达中心副主任戈拉日丹诺夫表示,虽然目前俄罗斯社会对苏联的怀旧程度在不断减少,但在老年人中仍十分普遍。

俄罗斯卫星通讯社8日称,“卫星·观点”民调结果显示,69%的德国人、55%的法国人和51%的意大利人认为,1991年苏联解体后,美国成为了唯一超级大国,但其未能胜任世界领导者的角色。仅有24%的德国受访者、35%的法国受访者和42%意大利受访者认为美国胜任这一角色。

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