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奥巴马放弃任期内通过TPP 交由下届总统和国会决定

2016-11-13 16:50:09   央广网

央广网北京11月13日消息据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,特朗普大选获胜带来的冲击已经开始,美国国会宣布:不会对“跨太平洋伙伴关系协定”,也就是简称的TPP进行表决;而白宫也宣布放弃了游说活动。美国白宫高级官员表示,奥巴马政府已清楚认识到美国政治局势的变化,TPP的前景将由下届美国总统和国会决定。

对于奥巴马来说,TPP是最重要的外交遗产之一,在他尚未下台的时候,这些遗产就被候任的特朗普给清理了,提前开启了“特朗普时代”。美国《华尔街日报》评论,TPP未能获得国会批准,对奥巴马来说是一次“惨痛的失败”,将削弱美国在亚太地区的信誉和影响力。而事实上,TPP不仅仅具有经济层面的含义,更有着确定未来自由贸易规则的制度霸权含义。

TPP又被称为是跨太平洋伙伴关系协议,也被称作“经济北约”。

是由亚太经济合作会议成员国中的新西兰、新加坡、智利和文莱四国发起,从2002年开始酝酿的一组多边关系的自由贸易协定。美国在2008年2月宣布加入,并且将成员国扩展到12个。

2015年10月5日,美国、日本和其他10国家达成一致,要在这12个国家中实现“自由贸易”,核心是在这12个国家内实现零关税、货物、服务全部自由流动,所有经济监管制度统一标准,各国之间禁止设立保护主义,操纵、补贴等不利于自由贸易的措施,从经济层面几乎达到“一个国家”的概念。这12个参与国加起来所占全球经济的比重达到了40%,因为规模庞大,而且美国人主导,TPP被认为是美国人对建立全球贸易新秩序的新尝试,也被认为是美国阻击中国经济的一个行为。

TPP这种“多边贸易”的主张不仅在美国,甚至在很多缔约国内部,都受到抵制,高呼将工作机会留在国内的特朗普甚至提出,连北美自由贸易区都要废掉,重新缔结更有利于保护美国利益的“双边”的贸易协定。

中国国际问题研究院国际战略研究所副所长苏晓晖分析,从TPP本身的性质来看,它在美国国内受到阻力、在国际上也无法得到认同的局面,有相当大的必然性。

苏晓晖认为,从性质上来看,TPP不是一份普通的自贸协定,背后的政治目明显要大于经济需求。美国高调加入TPP,最主要的目标就是希望利用TPP来主导世界经贸规则的制定。TPP确实是一个非常强大的组织,12个成员国占据了世界GDP总额的40%,占据了贸易额的三分之一,正是基于这种能力,美国试图利用TPP来影响这个规则的制定。2015年10月,TPP的谈判最终结束的时候,奥巴马政府迅速发表了一份声明,声明里说,美国不希望由中国这样的国家来制定全球经贸的规则,而要由美国这样的国家来制定规则,而美国的目标就是要打造一份由它主导的所谓的“高标准”。所以TPP实际上是一个工具,另外近些年TPP很明显也是美国亚太战略的重要的抓手,利用TPP来影响亚太经贸发展的走向,而这其中不乏影响中国,牵制中国的意味。所以正是由于有这么多政治的目的,近些年,TPP发展并不是非常的顺畅,背后经济的动力并不能足以推动这个协议向它所要求的方向来发展。

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