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决战IS!伊拉克政府欲年底前收复摩苏尔

2016-10-17 15:13:40   新华网

原标题:新闻分析:伊拉克摩苏尔面临恶战

新华社北京10月17日电新闻分析:伊拉克摩苏尔面临恶战

伊拉克总理阿巴迪17日凌晨宣布收复摩苏尔战役正式开始。这将是伊拉克政府在伊境内对极端组织“伊斯兰国”采取的重大战役,如果成功,将极大削弱“伊斯兰国”势力,打击该组织气焰。

伊拉克政府希望在今年年底之前结束这场战役。但是,“伊斯兰国”也不会轻易缴械投降。预计这场战役将异常艰苦。

摩苏尔位于伊拉克北部,靠近土耳其边界,是伊拉克第二大城市,也是伊北方工业、农业、金融中心和库尔德自治区的政治中心,拥有伊北方最大油田和最大炼油设施。摩苏尔2014年6月被“伊斯兰国”占据,是该组织在伊境内控制的最大城市。

“伊斯兰国”占据摩苏尔后,把这座城市打造成该组织的政治、经济和军事指挥中枢。虽然“伊斯兰国”宣称叙利亚北部城市拉卡为其“首都”,但是它的大多数高级官员都驻扎在摩苏尔,很多重要决定都是在摩苏尔做出的,可以说是“伊斯兰国”的实际“首都”。

“伊斯兰国”攻占摩苏尔后,从包括库尔德自治区中央银行在内的多家银行抢夺了4亿多美元现金。“伊斯兰国”还通过在当地征税、走私石油以及绑架勒索等手段筹集大量资金,为其在伊拉克和其他地区从事恐怖暴力活动提供支持。由此可见,摩苏尔对于“伊斯兰国”来说具有不可比拟的重要性。

自摩苏尔被“伊斯兰国”占据以来,伊拉克政府军和地方部队一再试图收复这座城市,与“伊斯兰国”武装分子进行了激烈战斗,逐渐控制了摩苏尔附近一些战略要地,切断了摩苏尔与外界联系的主要通道,为最终收复摩苏尔创造了条件。

目前伊拉克政府军主力部队距离摩苏尔城区仅有约50公里,一些先头部队已经逼近这座城市。国际联军的战机在摩苏尔上空不断进行侦察飞行,以确定“伊斯兰国”的兵力部署情况,并伺机发动空袭。在近几天的空袭中,多名“伊斯兰国”武装分子被炸死。

为争取毕其功于一役,伊拉克政府从今年年初就开始准备,向摩苏尔周围地区集结了大量部队,包括政府军、库尔德自治区安全部队和民兵部队,对摩苏尔形成包围之势,同时在这些地区部署了各种重型攻击装备。为了减少平民伤亡,伊拉克政府通过电台电视台、网络媒体和散发传单等途径,呼吁当地居民尽快撤离。从今年4月开始,已经有大量居民撤出摩苏尔。另外,国际联军还对摩苏尔的“伊斯兰国”阵地频繁进行空袭和轰炸,尽量为地面进攻扫清障碍。

另一方面,“伊斯兰国”也在为负隅顽抗进行准备,在摩苏尔挖掘地道,修筑防御工事,在交通要道和主要建筑内部埋设了地雷和爆炸装置,并安排敢死队员准备发动自杀式攻击。据报道,“伊斯兰国”还利用摩苏尔大学实验室制造了一些化学武器。在人员方面,“伊斯兰国”对驻守在摩苏尔的“伊斯兰国”各级头目和武装分子进行了战前动员,要求他们务必决一死战,并多次进行军事演习,而且还把他们的家属陆续转移到其他地区。

鉴于摩苏尔对“伊斯兰国”的重要性,预计该极端组织会不择手段防守这座城市。此前,“伊斯兰国”在防卫提克里特、拉马迪和费卢杰等伊拉克大中城市的过程中,积累了丰富作战经验特别是巷战经验。因此,摩苏尔战役十有八九会是一场恶战。

此外,由于伊拉克政府方面参加摩苏尔战役的部队众多,教派构成复杂,各自诉求和利益也不相同,有可能出现相互掣肘和制约的情况,加上土耳其不顾伊拉克政府反对试图强行介入摩苏尔战役,这些都可能对战役的顺利推进形成阻碍。

责任编辑:郭丽颖 cn045
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