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格陵兰岛融冰!美国秘密核废料存在泄漏风险

2016-09-28 11:32:52   新华网

一项最新研究披露,美国曾在格陵兰岛修建一座位于地下的秘密核导弹基地,然而随着全球变暖、冰原消融,这座埋于冰下的废弃基地存在核废料泄漏风险。

观察人士表示,清理善后的关键不在于技术难度,而是美国、丹麦谁愿承担责任、谁来“买单”。

【始料未及】

美国1959年开始在格陵兰岛西北部修建一座地下工事,名义上是用作北极科研的实验室,但实际上是一处秘密核导弹基地。

这一项目名为“世纪营”,代号“冰虫项目”,犹如一座地下城市,包含医院、电影院、教堂等各类设施,甚至还有铁路,可容纳多达200名士兵居住,而所需能源全部来自一座小型便携核反应堆。

不过,该项目启动3年后,研究人员发现冰川移动速度快于预计,“世纪营”的地下隧道面临坍塌风险,于是施工停滞。这一秘密核导弹基地1967年正式废弃。

当时,美军仅撤走核反应堆,却留下体积相当于30架空中客车A320客机的核废料以及其他工业废料。

“留下这些废料时,没人会想到它们还有重见天日的一天,”加拿大约克大学工程学教授威廉·科尔根告诉法新社记者。然而,科尔根的研究团队近日发现,随着全球气候变暖、格陵兰岛冰原融化,这一地下工事内的核废料可能泄漏。

该研究团队预测,到2090年,格陵兰岛降雪速度将不足以弥补冰原消融的损耗,而这意味着埋藏于地下的核废料可能泄漏到外部环境中;即便是在2090年以前,冰原消融所产生的冰水也可能渗透到地下工事的裂缝中,带来安全隐患。

科尔根说,鉴于这处秘密核导弹基地位于地下35米,眼下采取补救作业意味着大量挖掘工作,费用将相当昂贵。因此,他建议等到冰原消融到一定程度、使地下基地裸露在外以后,再开始相关清理作业。

【由谁善后?】

这份研究报告发布后,格陵兰岛自治当局表示“担忧”。据科尔根预测,清理善后的关键在于,美国与丹麦谁愿为此“出钱出力”。

“环境风险相对较小,也距离现今较远,且(秘密基地)附近仅有少数几个小镇,”科尔根说,至于美国与丹麦谁来承担责任,“先前并无类似案例,没有先例可循”。

科尔根介绍,美国与丹麦先前有过处置核泄漏的经验,因此就技术角度而言,应对“冰虫项目”核废料泄漏风险不成问题。1968年1月21日,美国一架B-52轰炸机舱内起火,机组人员作出弃机决定,这驾轰炸机最后撞上格陵兰图勒空军基地附近的海冰,所携带的核武器破裂,致使放射性物质大面积扩散。

美国国防部在一份声明里说,美方已注意到科尔根的研究报告,“但尚未加以评估”。丹麦外交大臣克里斯蒂安·延森表示,将密切关注此事进展,与相关方保持对话。

密切关注“冰虫项目”的丹麦奥胡斯大学教授克里斯蒂安·尼尔森认为:“从道义角度看,丹麦与美国拥有清理(核废料)的共同责任。美国人修建基地,而丹麦人允许美国人这样做。”(杨舒怡)(新华社专特稿)

责任编辑:郭丽颖 cn045
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