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金正恩称朝鲜不首先使用核武器 或为“以核制核”

2016-05-09 07:54:40   中国新闻网

朝鲜最高领导人金正恩7日在朝鲜劳动党第七次代表大会上说,只要敌对势力“不使用核武器”侵犯朝鲜主权,朝鲜就不会首先使用核武器。

相比朝鲜政府今年1月在第四次核试验后发表的声明,金正恩这一表态给朝鲜不首先使用核武器的政策进一步阐明了前提,似可以理解为:你不用核,我也不用核。

朝鲜媒体8日报道,朝鲜劳动党第一书记金正恩7日在劳动党七大第二天会议上作劳动党中央委员会工作总结报告。

根据劳动党机关报《劳动新闻》、朝鲜中央通讯社在其网站中文版上播发的报道,金正恩表示,朝鲜是“负责任”的“持核国家”,“只要敌对势力不以核武器侵犯朝鲜的主权,朝鲜就按已阐明的立场,不会先使用核武器”。

朝中社当天播发的英文版和朝文版报道也使用了意为敌对势力“不使用核武器”的相同表述。

【或为“以核制核”】

从字面上理解,金正恩这一最新表态可能意味着,朝鲜核武器只用于应对他国的核武器、而非常规武器。也就是说,朝鲜政府所说的“核遏制力”意在遏制他国用核武器侵犯朝鲜主权。这与朝鲜官方先前阐述“不首先使用核武器”政策时有所不同。

朝鲜2006年10月进行第一次地下核试验前,朝鲜外务省发表声明,表示朝鲜“决不会首先使用核武器和进行核威胁”,朝鲜的核武器是“遏制战争的力量”,“完全是针对美国的侵略威胁,是为了保卫朝鲜的国家最高利益和民族安全,也是为了防止在朝鲜半岛发生新战争”。

2013年2月朝鲜进行第三次核试验,同年4月,朝鲜第十二届最高人民会议第七次会议通过《关于进一步巩固自卫性的核拥有国地位》法令,写明核武器是“防卫武器”,朝鲜既不会对非核国家动用核武器,也不会用这类武器向它们发出威胁,除非这些国家与“敌对拥核国家”一道对朝鲜发动侵略和攻击。

今年1月6日,朝鲜政府在进行第四次核试验、即所谓氢弹实验后发表声明,其中提到,“只要敌对的侵略势力不侵犯朝鲜主权”,朝鲜不会首先使用核武器。

以上这些先前的政策宣示并没有排除朝鲜使用核武器反击他国用常规武器攻击或侵略朝鲜的可能性。外界普遍认为,用核武器弥补朝鲜在常规军事力量上对美国和韩国的弱势,是朝鲜发展核武器的主要动因之一。

而且,随着朝鲜近年来因核试验和使用弹道导弹技术发射卫星而承受越来越严厉的国际制裁,朝鲜面临的国际压力、尤其是来自美韩的军事压力加大,朝鲜官方曾数次表示将对美韩进行先发制人的打击甚至核打击。

比如,今年3月7日,朝鲜国防委员会发表声明,谴责美韩联合军演是对朝鲜主权最露骨的“核战争挑衅”,警告将进行先发制人且具有“进攻性”的核打击。

清华—卡耐基全球政策中心研究员、核政策专家赵通认为,从金正恩的最新表态看,朝鲜“不首先使用核武器”政策比先前更具体明确了一些,也在很大程度上否定了先前一度提出的先发制人政策。

赵通接受新华社记者采访时说,朝鲜这次明确说明其发展核力量旨在实现威慑、而不是其他更广泛的目的,借此表明其核武器的防御性性质,以及不会进行核挑衅的意图。虽然朝方这一表述还存在一定的模糊性,但总体反映了朝鲜希望树立“负责任”“核武器国家”的形象。

国际关系学院朝鲜半岛事务专家曹玮认为,金正恩最新表态意在告诉美韩,只要不用核武器来对付朝鲜,无论是核威慑还是核打击,朝鲜就不首先使用核武器。这应该是一个缓和的信号,朝鲜在这方面的立场有所软化。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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