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亚美尼亚阿塞拜疆起冲突 俄土再卷外高加索风暴

2016-04-25 08:26:28   中国新闻网

中新网4月25日电综合报道,中东动荡局势未平息,前苏联外高加索地区(即今亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆和格鲁吉亚三国)近期也风起云涌。

亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆自从月初开始,在纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫自治州(纳-卡地区)爆发连串武装冲突,为两国自1994年达成停火以来,再次在当地短兵相接。事件牵涉大国博弈,俄罗斯在外高加索地区拥有决定性的影响力,北约成员土耳其站在阿方一侧,西方借此制衡俄崛起意图明显。

外高加索地区早在100多年前,已是俄罗斯帝国、土耳其及亚美尼亚民族主义的角力场。1988年,苏联解体之前,亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆便就纳-卡地区领土争议爆发冲突,到1994年才停火。

事隔22年,两国再起争端,出动直升机及火箭炮互相轰击,造成大量军人和无辜平民死伤。由此可见,纳-卡是一个典型的“冻结冲突”(frozen conflict)案例,即对立双方暂停冲突后未签署正式和约,战事随时会再爆发,为地缘政局埋下计时炸弹。

美欧驻军薄弱难调停

纳-卡地区位处外高加索,油产量丰富,战略地位重要,被视为俄罗斯的后院,保持该区局势稳定有助防止来自中东地区的恐怖分子渗透。而俄国本身亦有向亚美尼亚及阿塞拜疆售武,俄罗斯与亚美尼亚更是盟友关系,在当地设有基地。

相比之下,美国及欧盟在当地的军事影响力薄弱,驻土耳其的美军已是地缘上最接近的军力部署,调停能力有限,难以解决当地混乱局面。

与俄国关系紧张的土耳其则支持阿塞拜疆,并与亚美尼亚是世仇。土耳其总统埃尔多安是否打算宣扬“泛土耳其主义”、重振昔日鄂图曼帝国的光辉,仍有待观察。

乌克兰危机后,欧盟对俄罗斯实施严厉制裁,地缘分析机构Stratfor专家科利伯沙努认为,俄罗斯担任纳-卡地区的调停者,可重建它作为“负责任大国”的正面形象,软化欧盟对俄国的强硬立场。

恐变俄土“代理人战争”

另有分析指,即使俄国乐于调停,但若对立局势加剧,俄国和土耳其可能被卷入“代理人战争”,战火同时牵动邻近的伊朗、格鲁吉亚和俄境内毗邻的北高加索地区。高加索问题资深研究员德瓦尔指出,国际社会调停两国只是权宜之计,长远而言须在区内执行维和任务,并由美国、俄罗斯和法国等大国监督确保落实停火。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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