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世卫发布预防寨卡意见:蚊虫与精液是主要载体

2016-02-19 11:57:38   新华网

新华社北京2月19日电综合新华社驻外记者报道:基于目前性接触传播寨卡病毒的有限证据,世界卫生组织18日在日内瓦发布“预防潜在性传播寨卡病毒的临时指导意见”。

这份指导意见说,寨卡病毒的主要传播途径为伊蚊叮咬,不过来自少数感染病例的证据表明,寨卡病毒可通过性接触传播。

2008年一名在塞内加尔感染寨卡病毒的男性患者返回美国4天后,他的妻子出现寨卡病毒感染症状。考虑他的妻子此前一年中未曾离开美国,只是在丈夫返美后与其发生性行为,表明寨卡病毒可由精液传播。

今年2月2日,美国疾病控制与预防中心报告,得克萨斯州一名患者通过性接触感染寨卡病毒。此外,法属玻里尼西亚曾于2013年12月暴发寨卡疫情,当时检疫人员在一名男性患者精液中分离出寨卡病毒。

基于预防原则,世卫组织建议,要保证所有寨卡病毒感染者及其性伙伴(尤其是孕妇)都能了解性传播寨卡病毒的潜在风险、避孕措施和安全性行为等相关信息,并在可行条件下为上述人群提供避孕套;孕妇的性伙伴如果是生活在或是来自于寨卡病毒传播地区,应该在孕妇孕期采取安全性行为或禁欲;由于大多数寨卡病毒感染无症状,生活在病毒传播地区的人群应考虑采取安全性行为或禁欲,其他从疫情地区返回的人群也应考虑采取安全性行为或至少禁欲4周。

世卫组织同时表示,关于性接触传播寨卡病毒的现有证据仍十分有限,目前并不建议通过常规精液检测来排查寨卡病毒。一旦发现新的证据,该指导意见将重新评估和更新。

此外,世界银行18日在华盛顿宣布,为寨卡病毒肆虐最严重的拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区提供1.5亿美元资金,用于抗击寨卡病毒。

世界银行当天发表声明说,这1.5亿美元的金额是根据拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区各国提出的资金需求确定的。如果这些国家有进一步的资金需求,世行随时准备提高支持力度。

声明表示,这些援助资金将支持一系列抗击寨卡行动,包括蚊媒监测与控制,鉴定高危人群、尤其是孕妇及育龄女性,跟踪并护理有神经系统并发症的新生儿,加强寨卡知识宣传,等等。

世行预计,如果拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区能迅速且有协调地抗击寨卡病毒,那么2016年寨卡病毒对该地区造成的短期经济损失将在35亿美元左右,仅为其国内生产总值的0.06%。

不过,一些国家尤其是加勒比海国家严重依赖旅游业,受到的经济损失可能超过其国内生产总值的1%,需要国际社会更多的支持。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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