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欲建三层反导体系 日本也想引进部署“萨德”

2016-02-16 13:49:39   现代金报

连日来,美国可能在韩国部署“萨德”反导系统的消息引发中国、俄罗斯等国家严重关切。而据日本媒体最新报道,日本防卫省也正在考虑引进“萨德”系统,与本国升级后的现有反导系统一起组成三层反导体系,应对朝鲜“导弹威胁”。

张伟(新华社供本报特稿)

日本谋建三层反导体系

时事通讯社报道,在朝鲜本月7日发射“远程火箭”后,日本开始加快建设本国导弹防御系统的步伐,计划增加“宙斯盾”导弹驱逐舰的数量,同时升级其搭载的拦截导弹型号。

当前,日本海上自卫队拥有6艘“宙斯盾”驱逐舰,其中4艘搭载有“标准-3”Block-1A拦截导弹。日本防卫省准备到2020财年时再添两艘“宙斯盾”驱逐舰,并且将拦截导弹升级到“标准-3”Block-2A型,以扩大防御范围。

消息灵通人士透露,目前日本需要部署3艘“宙斯盾”驱逐舰,以保护日本全境,而在完成拦截导弹升级后,只需1艘或2艘“宙斯盾”驱逐舰。

此外,日本防卫省还在考虑引入美国“萨德”反导系统,正着手研究这一系统的技术性能和运行成本。

“萨德”系统全称为“末段高空区域防御系统”,可在大气层内外拦截来袭的短程和中程弹道导弹,是美国弹道导弹防御体系的重要组成部分。

从军事技术角度来说,日本考虑引入“萨德”系统,主要是为了弥补国内现有两层反导体系的漏洞,构建更为完善的三层反导体系。

在日本现有两层反导体系中,第一层是在海上靠“宙斯盾”驱逐舰发射“标准-3”导弹拦截,拦截高度超过100公里;第二层是大气层内低层拦截,在陆上靠“爱国者-3”导弹拦截,拦截高度低于20公里。

设置第二层拦截系统是为了防止第一层体系出现失误,但实际上,单凭“爱国者-3”导弹不足以在低空击落中程弹道导弹,比如朝鲜的“劳动”型导弹,因为这类导弹在重返大气层后速度太快,每秒可达3至7公里。

鉴于“萨德”通常负责在20公里至150公里高度拦截来袭导弹,日本希望借助这样的末段高层拦截系统,上接“宙斯盾”反导系统,下接“爱国者”反导系统,构成一个三层反导体系。

对“萨德”系统垂涎三尺

这并非日本首次传出要购买“萨德”系统,日本对这一系统的兴趣由来已久。

2008年,“萨德”系统在美国本土投入使用。仅一年后,日本《每日新闻》就曝出新闻称,防卫省正在讨论向美国采购“萨德”事宜,但后来遭防卫省否认。

2015年11月23日,日本防卫大臣中谷元在美国夏威夷表示,日本正在讨论引进美国“萨德”反导系统。当时有媒体报道认为,虽然中谷元表态暧昧,但日本引入“萨德”一事可能基本确定,进入技术操作层面。

一是确定部署地点。由于“萨德”系统所用雷达释放强烈的辐射波,只能部署到沿海等远离居民区的地方;二是经费问题。“萨德”系统耗资不菲。美国国防部早些时候曾研究向卡塔尔出售两套“萨德”系统,金额高达5000亿日元(约合44亿美元)。

此外,观察人士认为,日本考虑引入“萨德”系统,除了军事防御方面的考虑外,还存在强烈的政治因素,比如进一步巩固日美同盟关系、强化对周边国家的威慑等。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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