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IS资产破万亿 控制地盘面积相当于整个英国国土

2015-11-25 08:09:22   中国新闻网

【环球时报特约记者宋可】国际油价已经逼近近年新低,连产油大国都不胜寒意,但“敛财有道”的极端组织“伊斯兰国(IS)”依然通过种种非法手段获利。

据法国国际广播电台23日报道,虽然美国以及法国对叙利亚境内IS的经济与财政支柱设施开始了军事打击,但按照专家推测,该组织拥有一定的财政储备以及抵抗的本钱,截至去年已控制2万亿美元的资产,而且每年收入也多达20亿美元,其中通过向叙利亚等国“非法走私和转卖”石油,每月有4000万美元收入。

美国彭博新闻社引述美国财政部的数据说,IS每年的石油收入为5亿美元。目前,IS控制着叙利亚10座油田中的6座。彭博社称,这个世界上最富有的恐怖组织正是依赖石油走到今天,“黑市上一支AK-47只卖500美元,5亿美元可以买多少”?

不过,IS依靠的远不只石油,其通过买卖人口、人质赎金、洗劫和控制农场获得的收入足以支撑其战斗多年。报道称,IS去年从伊拉克银行劫来5亿至10亿美元,在其控制的范围内对居民敲诈和征税获得数亿美元。以收税为例,在其势力范围内,IS要求原来为“不合法政权”工作的警察、士兵以及教师用钱“赎罪”,宽恕形式是发一张悔过卡,每张2500美元,每年还要缴纳200美元换证费。IS还洗劫古城巴尔米拉、阿勒颇和拉卡的文物,转卖获利。和“基地”组织一样,IS的收入也来自富人捐款。据《印度教徒报》24日报道,2013年-2014年,IS从沙特、卡塔尔、科威特以及阿联酋等国的富商中获得了4亿美元捐助。

而“最被外界忽略的资源”是IS靠控制的肥沃土地获利。IS目前在底格里斯河和幼发拉底河流域控制大片土地,从历史产量看,这片地区产出整个叙利亚1/2的小麦,伊拉克1/3的小麦和2/5的大麦。据彭博社估算,如果能顺利出售,IS每年可获利2亿美元,而“美军对此毫无办法,总不能对麦田进行轮番轰炸吧”。《华盛顿邮报》称,IS现在控制的地盘面积相当于整个英国国土。

报道称,IS财务实力的另一长处是他们有严格的支出控制,即使给10万追随者发完工资(每月400美元,高于伊拉克士兵工资),也依然有盈余。彭博社评论称,美军轰炸的是IS的炼油厂和油库,五角大楼认为IS主要靠成品油获利,但实际上IS并不进行精炼,走私贩卖的东西是原油。此外,美国高估了空袭对IS石油生产设备的破坏,同时严重低估了他们的石油收入,“美国切断IS石油财路的策略已经失败”。

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