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58名IS叛逃者讲述心路:看不惯杀戮 不愿当炮灰

2015-09-23 09:28:19   中新网

“当你满怀对‘伊斯兰乌托邦’的憧憬、踌躇满志地踏上一场‘圣战之旅’后,却发现自己充其量不过是战场上的一粒炮灰,甚至被派去长期扫厕所,你还愿意继续留在IS吗?”美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)22日报道,据伦敦国王学院激进化国际研究中心(ICSR)最新发布的报告显示,IS组织的“叛逃者”群体近日呈现出上升趋势,几十名叛逃者也勇敢地站了出来,讲述出自己“希望幻灭”的心路历程。

报道称,ICSR报告罗列出从2014年1月至今的58名“公开脱离组织者”名单。名单上除了少数几人未透露姓名外,其余几十人均公开了自己的姓名、性别、国籍以及脱离组织日期等细节信息。媒体发现,超过2/3的叛逃事件发生在今年;1/3的案例就发生在今年夏天,可以肯定,“圣战者”脱离IS组织的现象正在呈现出上升趋势。

报告中提及58名“公开叛逃者”,他们的叛逃动机大体可归纳为四类。第一类是真心实意想对抗叙利亚巴沙尔政府的人,但他们随后发现“推翻巴沙尔政权”并非IS的首要目标,该组织把过多的精力放在了和其他逊尼派势力的“内斗”之上。不仅如此,IS高层对于挖掘“叛徒”和“内奸”格外热衷。而在不少组织成员眼中,这些举措均和“圣战”无关。第二类人对IS的残暴深表反感。有人披露,IS嗜杀成性,除了屠杀无辜平民和人质,它对内部成员也十分残忍,指挥官随意处决属下的情况时有发生。第三类叛逃者揭露了IS组织内广泛存在的不公和歧视待遇。一名叛逃者十分不满地表示,自己被强制派去扫厕所,只因为他是印度裔。最后一类人表示无法忍受在组织中的单调生活和艰苦条件。不少人以为,自己加入IS,就可以享受好的物质生活,殊不知这里“没有豪车也没有奢侈品”。还有人透露,自己被内定为“人弹”,充当“炮灰”,于是当机立断地选择逃离。

媒体称,IS虽然募兵渠道宽泛、兵源看上去十分充足,但招来的新兵实际上良莠不齐,其中不乏大量投机分子。比如,一些人在加入IS前犯了罪,进入组织无非是找到一个可以逃避追捕的场所;有些人是因为欠下巨额债务,听说加入组织能“清账”;还有的人纯粹是为了追求丰厚的物质回报。这部分人一旦发现事实情况完全无法达到自己的预期,很容易产生脱离组织的想法。

不少媒体认为,作为一个极端组织,“伊斯兰国”可不是一个“来去自由”的地方:此前,该组织已经处决了数十名“叛徒”,脱离组织需要承担本人乃至家人受到报复的巨大风险。不仅如此,蹚过IS的“浑水”,再想重新返回祖国也非易事。即便有人能侥幸逃出,恐怕还要面临本国政府的问责、甚至法律的制裁。

英国《卫报》称,为了能让更多的IS叛逃者敢于脱离组织、向公众道出实情,ICSR方面甚至敦促西方各国政府为叛逃者提供相应的保护措施,并尽量移除法律方面的“不利因素”,打消潜在叛逃者的顾虑。激进化国际研究中心教授诺依曼认为,叛逃者的故事对于外界来说是“值得一听”的,他们的存在能够粉碎IS此前树立起的“团结”“果敢”等所谓“正面形象”,向不明就里的“崇拜者”揭露出该组织自相矛盾和伪善的一面。“并非所有叛逃者都做好了面对公众的准备……然而,他们的声音是响亮而有力的,因为他们能告诉世人:‘伊斯兰国’并不是保护穆斯林的组织,它正在屠杀穆斯林人士”。

美国《赫芬顿邮报》称,IS此前通过强大的宣传攻势至少招募了2.5万名外籍“圣战”分子,而通过披露“叛逃者”的故事,对抗IS的国家或势力也许能展开一场“反宣传”攻势,有效地减缓甚至切断IS的募兵渠道。

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