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日本新安保法案“九一八”通过为历史的警报

2015-09-18 12:29:38   环球网

【环球网综合报道】香港《信报》9月18日发表社评称,日本参院和平安全法制特别委员会17日在冲突混乱中表决通过了安保相关法案,并将在18日表决。日本新安保法倘真在“九一八”的今天通过实施,不仅是巧合,更是历史的警报。

文章称,向来以守规有礼著名的日本,17日出现罕见的议会冲突混乱场面。几十名反对新安保法案的议员在参议院特别委员会强行表决法案后,发难冲向议长,力图阻止他宣布通过法案及表明反对他的“霸道”做法。不过,在执政联盟议员全力保护下,议长最终得以完成整个程序,正式把新安保法案提交参议院全体会议,并将在18日表决。由于自民党、公明党组成的执政联盟在参议院占有过半数议席,即使反对党议员再采取拉布或其他举措,也难以阻止安倍政府通过法案。

这一回安倍为了增强日美同盟,提升日本在国际舞台上的影响力而逐步背离和平宪法的基础,朝扩充军备力量及壮大军事角色的方向发展,并且不顾民意反对而一意绘画其右倾政治蓝图,整个过程引发的猜疑争议,固然已令日本民众及她的邻国不安,长远而言,一个重踏扩军歧途的日本再现,绝非吉兆。新安保法倘真在“九一八”的今天通过实施,不仅是巧合,更是历史的警报。

《信报》指出,反对党议员在参议院内采取罕有的激烈冲击及包围行动不难理解,因为安倍政府及执政联盟为了尽快通过新安保法案,实在无所不用其极,既不管民意反对又罔顾程序公义,还未仔细讨论就强行闯关表决。其实,近期多个民意调查都显示,日本国民大部分反对匆匆通过法案。以上星期由《朝日新闻》进行的民调为例,认为有必要尽快通过法案的民众只有百分之二十,反对的则有百分之六十八;认为国会已充分讨论的只有百分之十一,觉得讨论不彻底的则为百分之七十五。换言之,超过三分二民众不同意安倍政府仓卒通过新安保法案。

除了民调以外,数以万计群众一再到国会示威反对法案,大批宪法学者及法官也认为法案违宪,在在显示旨在加强日美军事同盟、强化日本军事力量及角色的新安保法案不受日本民众支持,安倍政府的做法并不符合主流民意。

而在审议法案的程序上,安倍政府及执政联盟为了加快进程,忽然把讨论过程浓缩,在没有最后质询及让安倍晋三作最后答辩前,已突袭进行表决,杀反对党一个措手不及之余,更把确当的法案审议程序抛诸脑后,一派霸王硬上弓的姿态。正是在这种蛮横的作风,迫使反对党议员一拥而上包围议长及抗议,令日本国会出现极其鲜见的“失礼”场面。

尽管安倍政府通过新安保法案已成定局,但从结果来看,安倍今次逆民意硬闯过关,顶多只能算是惨胜,对日本国内稳定及改善国际形势难有帮助,反而可能得不偿失。

文章称,以日本国内形势看,支持新安保法案,期望日本担负更大军事责任的民众明显属少数;认为日本应该恪守和平宪法,保持二战以来不以军事力量介入国际事务的民众则占大部分。

安倍今次以高压姿态通过法案,不会改变这种民意倾向,反而将削弱本身的民望,这从安倍内阁支持度已大跌至上台以来新低的百分之三十六,可见一斑。往下来,当日本开始落实新安保法案的条款及要求,包括为美国等盟国提供更多军事以及后勤支援时,便有可能产生额外的政府开支,也为日本国民带来更大风险,随时令选民进一步反感,令自民党失去原有的政治优势。

而从国际形势而观,日本安全最重要的保障,其实不仅在于跟美国的同盟关系,还在于能否管控好跟邻国特别是中国的分歧,更在于能否提升跟中国、韩国的互信,减少发生争议以至冲突的机会。若果日本能妥善处理跟中国在钓鱼岛主权、历史认识等问题上的争端,继续大力促进跟中国的经济合作及互补关系,那中日关系大有可能回到七八十年代的“蜜月期”,日本也不必担心中国崛起对日本构成威胁。

现在,安倍匆匆引入新安保法案,锐意加强日美军事同盟,并强化日本在区内以至世界的军事角色与作用,这不但将削弱中日间的互信,增加彼此猜忌,也令日本容易走向扩军之路,引发军备竞赛。安倍政府近期在南海问题上采取高姿态,已令人怀疑日本是否在配合美国围堵中国,令两国更容易产生磨擦。从对日本的国家安全及稳定着眼,新安保法案可说弊多于利。

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