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大批难民涌入引发欧洲多国边境管制 撕裂欧盟团结

2015-09-18 09:49:54   

当地时间2015年9月17日,克罗地亚Tovarnik,抵达当地的移民等待登上公共汽车或火车。移民蜂拥乘车秩序混乱,发生踩踏造成了人员受伤。

中新网9月18日电据“中央社”17日报道,大批难民涌入欧盟,让欧洲各国大喊吃不消,开始管制边境,期盼能减缓难民涌入的压力。但不论是边境管制还是只让难民中转而不入境,都冲击了申根公约与都柏林条约规范,也撕裂了欧盟团结。

报道称,这个暑假是欧盟国家边境最紧张的暑假,从一开始的意大利、希腊,到现在的匈牙利、克罗地亚,甚至北欧,申根边境处处看得到难民的踪影。

近来每天近万名难民涌向欧盟边境,让欧洲国家大喊吃不消,纷纷在边境筑起围墙、铁丝网,或是暂时解除申根公约,恢复边境管制,希望能减缓难民涌入的压力。

连一向支持难民接纳的德国,在承受不了过多难民涌入的压力后,于13日晚间宣布暂时恢复边境管制。由于欧盟执委会对德国这项政策背书,包括奥地利、斯洛伐克先后跟进,法国、荷兰、比利时也都不排除恢复管制。一时之间,欧洲似乎又回到20年前必须拿着有效文件往来各国的时期。

单一市场是欧盟成立的最根本精神,从最早的煤钢共同体,到经济共同体、货币统一,取消边境海关管制,都是欧盟走向一体化的努力结果,欧盟更因为致力于欧洲民主与人权发展,而于2012年获颁诺贝尔和平奖。

从没有人能预知,来自中东的难民会让欧盟的一体化受到如此重大的挑战。

各国纷纷宣布暂时解除申根公约、恢复边境管制,让欧盟最引以为傲的人员、货物自由流动政策备受冲击。特别是位于申根地理中央位置的德国,与9个国家领土接壤,德国的宣布让申根体系面临瓦解。

另一方面,许多边境第1线国家选择让抵达边境的难民快速中转到其它国家,而非将抵达的难民纳入登录名单,也有违都柏林公约规范。

根据都柏林公约,寻求政治庇护的难民必须在抵达的第1个欧盟国家登录,并申请庇护。但包括捷克、斯洛伐克等东欧国家宣称,难民并不想留在他们的国境内,而是希望转往其它国家,他们也不想费力处理庇护申请。

欧盟执行委员会提出的12万名难民强制安置的提案,也遭到东欧国家的反对。因为对难民处置立场各异,欧盟团结也遭到严重撕裂。

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