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法国双管齐下应对难民危机 欧洲安全形势更加严峻

2015-09-09 08:21:29   中国新闻网

在欧洲难民危机持续发酵的背景下,法国总统奥朗德7日在巴黎宣布,法国将在未来两年接收2.4万难民,同时,将于近期在叙利亚境内实施侦察飞行,为打击叙境内的恐怖实施“伊斯兰国”目标做准备。

奥朗德当天在爱丽舍宫举行的例行记者会上表示,为应对越演越烈的移民危机,欧盟委员会准备公布一项提案,计划在未来两年内把12万难民分配给欧盟各个国家,法国要接收其中的2.4万,“出于维护自身利益、理念与责任”,“法国将会这么做”。为了接收和安置这部分难民,他呼吁在意大利和希腊边境设立登记中心,对进入欧洲的难民身份和资格进行核查,从中选出符合避难要求的难民。针对当前已经有大批难民从匈牙利涌入德国的紧急情况,法国也已经准备好在未来的几周内接收其中的数百人至1000人。为此,法国内政部长本周六召集将要接收难民的各相关城市的市长,法国议会也将于近期就难民问题展开辩论。

奥朗德说,解决难民问题需全球协商,并从难民来源国寻求解决办法。他强调,在欧洲层面,各国应该制定共同政策,建立起接收难民“强制的、长期的机制”,否则,难民问题的爆发可能威胁《申根协定》的实施。法国提议在巴黎召开有关难民问题的国际会议,与中东、非洲与亚洲的相关国家展开合作,“将不具备避难资格的难民留在自己的国家”。

奥朗德在记者会上表示,法国将从9月8日开始在叙利亚境内进行空中侦查行动,“以便掌握‘伊斯兰国’训练与指挥中心的位置”。他透露,目前已部署在伊拉克境内正在执行空袭任务的12架法军战斗机足够承担此次侦查任务。法国将在获取必要情报后,做好对叙境内的“伊斯兰国”目标进行空中打击的准备,但他同时强调,法国暂无计划向叙利亚境内派遣地面部队。

一年前,法国联合世界多国组成了打击“伊斯兰国”的“国际联盟”,但它一直拒绝与美国一道对叙利亚境内的目标实施空袭,只在伊拉克境内对“伊斯兰国”进行空袭。此间分析认为,法国的主要顾虑在于,“伊斯兰国”是对叙利亚巴沙尔政权的严重威胁,如果对其实施空袭,可能会帮助叙利亚政府,这是法国不愿意看到的。另外,空袭的实际效果如何,俄罗斯是否会借机增加在叙利亚的军事存在也是法国需要考虑的因素。

奥朗德说,“伊斯兰国”在中东地区迅速坐大,使中东地区的难民问题和反恐形势越发严峻,这也是法国一面接收难民数量,一面加紧打击“伊斯兰国”的主要原因。但与此同时,各方对这两项措施的看法并不尽相同。

在接收难民的问题上,法国民众中不乏反对声音。根据法国《快报》近期援引一项民调显示,55%的法国人反对放宽接收难民的政策,尤其是不能效仿德国,给予叙利亚移民以难民身份。法国接待难民的能力相对有限。正如一名负责避难申请的法官在接受《费加罗报》采访时所说,如果需要满足欧盟提出的接收难民配额,法国的难民收容中心至少还缺两万个床位。法国的难民收容中心目前只能容纳一半左右的难民,另一半则被安置在宾馆里,法国各级政府每年要为此花费2500万欧元的高昂费用。更多难民的到来,无疑会进一步加重法国的负担。

在将打击“伊斯兰国”的范围扩大至叙利亚的问题上,各方意见也不一致。右翼党派提出,法国不仅应该对叙利亚境内的“伊斯兰国”进行打击,还应该派出地面部队,彻底解决难民问题的根源。另外也不乏质疑的声音,有分析人士担忧,用军事行动解决难民问题的逻辑是否行得通。近年来,西方国家对利比亚、叙利亚等西亚北非国家的军事干预,带来的一个直接后果就是相关国家局势动荡,给了恐怖组织可乘之机,“伊斯兰国”的不断壮大正是得益于此,这反过来又加剧了各国人道主义危机,使得更多难民寻求到欧洲避难。

另一个更值得欧洲国家警惕的问题是,伴随着难民的大量进入,恐怖分子趁机混入并潜伏欧洲的可能性也在不断上升,这将使本已十分严峻的欧洲安全形势更加严峻。

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