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欧盟开始正视难民问题 迫于压力德奥“大开国门”

2015-09-06 08:13:49   中国新闻网

欧洲在如何处理难民问题上经历了一个星期的不确定性之后,于5日取得进展。当天,数以万计难民抵达奥地利,其中部分人转乘火车前往德国。

这批难民是从匈牙利过境而来的,匈牙利已成为中东和非洲难民试图前往西欧和北欧的主要中转国。据“德国之声”、英国广播公司等媒体报道,一批难民3日在匈牙利被带上了一列据称是开往奥地利边界的火车,结果却在一处难民营附近被警察拦截了下来,警方计划把他们就地安置在这座难民营。然而这批难民的目的地却并不是匈牙利,而是西部的奥地利和德国。消息传出后,匈牙利开始上演难民大逃亡的场面,有难民连夜从匈牙利首都布达佩斯出城高速上步行前往奥地利,也有难民沿铁路线步行向西逃走,还有难民在布达佩斯火车站与警方对峙,拒绝被送往难民营登记。当匈牙利当局真正派出大巴要送难民前往奥地利边境时,对于这突如其来的“幸福”,很多人还是感觉难以置信。一名年轻的叙利亚难民表示还是不相信车真的会开到边界:“也许这又是他们的一个计谋,想要把我们骗到难民营去。”然而当车队出发的那一刻,他也按捺不住站了起来,和他的两名同胞一起跳上了其中的一辆车。

有分析认为,奥地利和德国同意接受难民与公众的压力有关。美国《基督教科学箴言报》评论说,针对欧洲东拼西凑的政策和数十年来在应对这场最严重难民危机时经常采取的“关门”政策,公众的谴责声音在高涨。希腊拯救儿童组织通信主管奥苏里万说:“有时候人们对战争和大规模灾难已经有疲劳感了,你听到的只是个数字,80万或者800。人们没有切身的真实感受。但是当你看到一个孩子的照片时,情况就不一样了,他是你能想像到的最无辜的孩子,这代表了一切。”德国学者格罗鲁说,欧洲突然开始正视难民问题了,艾伦的照片尤其发挥了关键作用。

不过,欧盟难民危机并未从根上得到缓解。“欧洲的难民危机已经达到一个关键水平,这是二战结束以来最严重的难民危机”,英国hypable网评论说,难民危机已经持续好几个月了,欧盟正疲于应对大量无家可归和无助的人。

9月4日,欧盟各国外长齐聚卢森堡召开为期两天的非正式外长会,应对难民危机。法新社称,欧盟仍然处于分裂之中,以德国为首的国家主张采取团结一致的政策,而匈牙利等国则坚持采取强硬的政策。据香港新闻网报道,同一天,匈牙利、捷克、波兰和斯洛伐克总理召开会议,拒绝接受欧盟提出的重新分配难民份额的方案。捷克总理索博特卡在会后的新闻发布会上说:“今天有人提出安置10万难民,两个月后就可能需要安置100万难民,所以摊派份额不是解决问题的办法。”

据路透社报道,联合国难民署高级专员古铁雷斯警告说,欧盟对难民危机的反应将是一个“决定性的时刻”,否则一个分裂的欧盟只会招致更多的偷渡者。他在声明中说,欧盟需要帮助更多的难民合法地进入欧洲,提供大约20万个安置点,同时对承受巨大难民压力的希腊、匈牙利和意大利提供支持,“对于欧盟来说这是个决定性的时刻,现在别无选择只有动员全部力量应对这场危机。对欧盟及其成员国来说,解决这一问题的唯一办法是执行一个基于责任、团结和信任的共同战略。”(环球时报驻德国、英国、叙利亚记者青木孙微宦翔陈一柳玉鹏)

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