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日本前最高法院院长:安保法违宪 日政府逻辑荒谬

2015-09-04 09:24:38   中国新闻网

8月6日是日本广岛遭遇原子弹爆炸70周年。而在当天上午举行纪念仪式的同时,众多市民围坐在离仪式会场不远处的核爆遗址一带,向当天出席仪式的首相安倍晋三“呛声”,抗议其在国会强推旨在解禁集体自卫权的一系列安保法案。王健摄

东京的国会大厦被抗议人群包围。王健摄

中新网9月4日电据日本媒体报道,现年82岁的日本前最高法院院长山口繁3日在接受专访时就安保相关法案指出:“不得不说允许行使集体自卫权的立法是违反宪法的。”报道指出,被称为“宪法守护者”的最高法院的前院长发表这样的观点尚属首次。

报道称,关于日本政府及执政党以1959年最高法院对日本东就都西郊砂川町发生的反对扩建美国军事基地的斗争事件——“砂川事件”的判决和1972年政府见解为根据主张法案符合宪法的做法,山口严厉批评称,“这在逻辑上存在矛盾,十分荒谬”。

日本自民党副总裁高村正彦曾就宪法学者指责法案违宪强调:“宪法的守护者是最高法院而不是宪法学者。”而前最高法院院长明确表示安保法案违宪或将引发波澜。

日本政府与执政党以“砂川判决”允许采取“必要的自卫措施”为依据,得出可以在有限的范围内行使集体自卫权的结论。而山口对此指出,鉴于当时的时代背景“根本无法认为这是意识到集体自卫权的判决。当时也无需从宪法角度判断是否可以行使集体自卫权及个别自卫权。”

1972年的日本政府见解曾允许采取“必要的自卫措施”,但也明确表示“集体自卫权的行使在宪法上被不允许”。历届政府均沿袭了这一解释。安倍政府与执政党将这一见解作为解禁行使集体自卫权的根据,以安全环境发生了变化为由,对结论部分进行了一百八十度转换。

山口对此指出:“在维持1972年见解的逻辑框架的同时解禁集体自卫权相当于允许两个自相矛盾的解释同时成立。若不认定1972年的见解是错误的话,这一说辞在逻辑上便不具有整合性。”

山口进而表示:“基于一贯的解释,迄今进行了各种立法,在选举中国民支持的也一直是维持这一解释的执政党。这一事实是十分重要的。”他表示:“如有必要为应对国际形势变化而改变解释,那就只有修改宪法了。”

山口还担忧地表示,如果要对更改宪法解释的做法开绿灯,那么“立宪主义及法治主义会遭到动摇”。他忧心忡忡地表示:“这样不可能对权力的行使发挥制动作用,也无法从肆意的政治中保护国民。”

山口自1997年10月起担任日本最高法院院长,任期5年。

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