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美国宣布加大对北极安全投入以抗衡俄罗斯

2015-09-02 08:33:47   中国新闻网

中新社华盛顿9月1日电(记者张蔚然)白宫当地时间1日宣布,美国将加大对北极地区的安全投入,建造更多破冰船,启动绘制北极部分区域全新海图,提升港口能力。美国媒体认为,美方此举意在抗衡俄罗斯对北极的战略投入。

美国总统奥巴马正对阿拉斯加州进行为期3天的访问,他是首位访问北极地区的在任美国总统。由于北极拥有丰富能源和矿产资源储量,加之特殊的战略地位,此次访问备受关注。

白宫当天在声明中说,气候变化正对北极环境造成深刻影响,冰面融化给北极旅游、航运、矿产开发和渔业带来更多发展机遇,但人类活动增加也在加剧环境恶化风险。

白宫说,奥巴马将在访问期间宣布加大对北极的安全投入,确保美方在北冰洋保持“全年”正常运转。二战结束后美国共有7艘破冰船,其中4艘属于海军,3艘属于海岸警卫队,但此后编制持续缩水,目前共有3艘破冰船,考虑到服役年限问题,仅2艘可以完全运转,其中一艘是重型破冰船。与之相比,俄罗斯共有40艘破冰船,另有11艘正在规划和建造之中。为此,美方决定将替换重型破冰船的日程从2022年提前至2020年,同时请求国会拨款建造更多破冰船,在保护自然资源的同时,满足国家安全需要。

奥巴马还将宣布,由于气候变暖将促使极地航运交通显著增加,美国国家海洋与大气管理局将与海岸警卫队合作绘制白令海、楚科奇海和波弗特海新开放水域的地图,目前这些区域的地图要么不存在,要么已过时。此外,美国在阿拉斯加荷兰港以北没有深水港,今年2月以来美国陆军工程兵团开始评估深化和扩大诺姆港港口功能,项目建成后将提高港口应对极寒天气和庇护过往船只的能力。

美国媒体认为,当前各国正面临新的北极环境、经济和地缘政治现实,美国在北极投入却落后于俄罗斯,白宫宣布的举措旨在缩小与俄罗斯的差距。

与此同时,奥巴马也在继续推进气候变化政治遗产。他8月31日在北极全球领导力会议上呼吁各国合作应对气候变化,促成巴黎气候大会取得成功。奥巴马1日还与知名探险家贝尔·格里尔斯一起录制极限挑战真人秀节目《越野求生》,推动更多人关注气候变化。

另一方面,奥巴马谨慎允许对北极周边海域进行油气开发,壳牌集团已获准在楚科奇海钻油,该区域石油储量高达150亿桶。阿拉斯加当地政界人士和众多企业希望奥巴马允许该州开发更多油气资源,平衡巨额财政赤字,改善当地生活水平。(完)

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