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欧洲难民潮引发争论 或激化矛盾引排外主义抬头

2015-08-24 08:42:11   中国新闻网

马其顿政府23日解除了针对大量难民涌入的限制措施,允许数以千计来自中东地区的难民入境。

马其顿总统格奥尔盖·伊万诺夫20日下令与希腊接壤的相关边境进入紧急状态,部署军队帮助当地警察维持治安,禁止难民入境。仅3天后,边境地区滞留难民不断增加,最终让当局难以招架,无奈放行。

【“专车”护送过境】

马其顿强化边境措施后,滞留的难民一度试图冲过警卫线,但被马方制止。21日,马方使用催泪弹和震爆弹驱散试图强行过境的难民,一些人在冲突中受伤。

22日晚些时候,数以千计难民再次冲击并成功突破警方防线。在使用防暴措施都无法阻止的情况下,警方显然放弃了防守,任由难民自由入境。

不久后,马其顿边境小镇盖夫盖利亚不断集结巴士和列车,以不间断的频率接纳难民并送往与塞尔维亚接壤的边境地区。

盖夫盖利亚警方23日称,过去24小时内,他们已经向大约4000名难民发放过境文件。

路透社报道,虽然马其顿政府没有就允许难民入境一事发表过看法,但就巴士和列车的组织水平来判断,当局显然希望在无法阻止其入境的情况下让其尽早离境,不成为该国的负担。

【邻国关系紧张】

据新华国际客户端了解,希腊-马其顿-塞尔维亚-匈牙利是偷渡客前往欧洲的“黄金路线”,也是中东战乱国家大批难民前往欧洲的主要路径。

长期以来,巴尔干诸国多采用疏导政策来解决难民问题,即鼓励难民快速过境并流动到其他欧洲国家。随着进入西欧国家的难度加大,大批难民开始在途中滞留下来,成为沿途各国不愿接受的“烫手山芋”。

根据马其顿方面统计,自今年6月中旬以来,已有包括7000多名儿童在内的超过4.2万名难民从希腊涌入马其顿。

对于不断涌入的难民,马其顿指责希腊政府采取纵容态度,甚至主动帮助这些难民前往马其顿边境,让后者不堪压力。据了解,仅7月,就有约5万难民乘船抵达希腊东南部的岛屿。希腊方面不得不租赁船只,将他们运回主岛,再送往边境。

【难民潮引争论】

因绝大多数难民将德国等西欧国家定为最终目的地,不断膨胀的难民潮正给这些发达国家带来更大困扰。

据新华国际客户端了解,以收容法律相对宽松的德国为例,当局预计今年接收的难民数量将同比猛增3倍,至80万,几乎占德国人口的1%。德国总理安格拉·默克尔警告,难民潮将很快成为欧盟不得不面对的大问题,比希腊和欧元稳定问题更令人头疼。

难民数量迅猛增长还一定程度上激化了社会矛盾,排外主义和种族主义有所抬头。

据德国方面统计,今年上半年,针对德国境内难民庇护场所的纵火等袭击事件累计发生约150起。

21日和22日两天,德国东部小镇海德瑙连续发生针对难民的示威骚乱,数百名右翼分子和种族主义者与警方发生冲突,造成数十名警察受伤。德国内政部长托马斯·德迈齐埃23日谴责针对难民的暴力袭击,誓言将对这种排外和种族主义行为采取“零容忍”态度。(记者徐超,编辑杨舒怡)

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