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俄媒:IMF贷款或泡汤 乌克兰将陷能源危机

2014-08-26 14:14:38   中国新闻网

惠誉国际信用评级有限公司在乌克兰独立日前夕送给基辅一份“意外之礼”--将乌主权评级降至“濒临破产”,并质疑国际货币基金组织(IMF)向乌发放第二批总额为14亿美元贷款的可能性。倘若没有这笔钱,乌克兰注定会破产。这里的燃油及天然气储备只够使用一个月,今年10月,大多数地区很可能陷入缺电无供暖的困境。

而惠誉对乌经济的预测也并不乐观:今年的国内生产总值至少会下滑6.5%,而2015至2016年,经济也不会出现增长。惠誉表示,“2014年上半年,乌对俄出口下降了24%,俄对乌天然气供应因支付风波而减少,这将导致乌能源的广泛短缺”。

因此,惠誉将乌主权信用评级下调至CCC级,意味着国家濒临破产,领导层缺乏明确的经济拯救方案。

被全球三大国际评级机构之一的惠誉降级是个危险信号。惠誉的评级会影响到该国获取贷款的难易程度和投资者兴趣等。这意味着来自西方伙伴的资金流很可能中断。8月末,乌财政部希望从IMF那里获得14亿美元的贷款,第一笔32亿美元已于4月到账,第二笔原定在7月提供,但西方金融界人士极度质疑基辅的偿债能力,所以迟迟没有兑现。

在主权评级被调低后,上述情形可能重演,基辅拿不到它期盼已久的这笔钱。正如惠誉在声明中所述:“经济和政治风险可能中断对乌经济援助计划的实施。”

倘若拿不到贷款,基辅将深陷危机。该国能源所剩无几。据乌能源部的数据,因铁路运输缘故,大约一个月后,该国的火力发电站就将无煤可烧。

乌克兰的天然气也使用殆尽。总理亚采纽克表示,基辅打算向俄罗斯购买近50亿立方米的天然气。然而,若没有西方资金,交易便无从谈起。此外,乌克兰如今还拖欠俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司逾50亿美元债务,即便它能够付得起新的购气款,也未必会得到天然气。

德国总理默克尔曾向乌克兰总统波罗申科承诺提供5亿欧元援助。但这笔国家担保的贷款只能用于顿涅茨克的重建。西方更倾向于口头上而非通过行动和资金来援助乌克兰。英国、欧盟和美国在乌克兰掀起了“能源独立”的宣传,呼吁乌民众节约天然气、电力和热水。然而,政治、经济交困的乌克兰只怕到10月初时便再无能源可以“节约”了。

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