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干掉战列舰的五种手段:飞机是大敌 自爆最难以置信

2017-08-10 15:17:37   参考消息

潜艇

对于战列舰而言,潜艇是海洋中的刺客,它们悄无声息地追踪猎物,在战场边缘暗施致命的鱼雷。战列舰早在一战时就成为潜艇的受害者。在1914年12月,一艘英国潜艇击沉了土耳其陈旧的“梅苏迪耶”号战列舰。1915年5月,英国“尊严”号战列舰在加利波利沿海被德国U-21潜艇击沉。

二战开始后几周战列舰便列为潜艇的猎物。就在1939年10月14日午夜刚过,德国U-47潜艇穿过了位于斯卡帕湾的英国主要海军基地的防线,用鱼雷打击了“王橡”号战列舰。1944年11月21日,日本战列舰“金刚”号被美国“海狮”号潜艇击沉。

公平地说,潜艇要击沉战列舰并非易事:战列舰航行速度快——至少比吱嘎作响的货船要快——并且通常会得到驱逐舰的密集保护。

水雷

在二战之前水雷曾让多艘战列舰葬身鱼腹。最著名的牺牲品是俄罗斯的“彼得罗帕夫洛夫斯基”号战列舰,它在日俄战争期间的1904年4月撞上了一枚日本水雷。死者中包括了俄罗斯作战舰队司令、海军中将斯捷潘·马卡罗夫,他的死亡导致了驻对马岛的俄罗斯舰队的毁灭。在1915年支援加利波利登陆的战斗中,3艘同盟国战列舰也因触雷而沉没。

事故

令人难以置信的是,战列舰偶尔会发生自爆。法国“自由”号战列舰1911年9月由于加注推进剂失误引爆弹药库而爆炸。日本的“陆奥”号战列舰1943年6月因弹药库爆炸而沉没(日本海军的调查把事故原因归咎于一名心怀不满的水兵的破坏)。(编译/曹卫国)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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